Nutritional effects of calcium on oil palm seedling growth and suppression of Ganoderma disease
Basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by the Ganoderma species was a severe problem to the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) industry. Nutrients were commonly used in the fertilizers to enhance plant growth and/also to protect against abiotic and biotic stresses. Therefore, manipulation of plant n...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2021
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/104669/1/NURUL%20MAYZAITUL%20AZWA%20-%20UPMIR.pdf http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/104669/ |
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| Institution: | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| Language: | English |
| Summary: | Basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by the Ganoderma species was a severe
problem to the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) industry. Nutrients were
commonly used in the fertilizers to enhance plant growth and/also to protect
against abiotic and biotic stresses. Therefore, manipulation of plant nutrients,
especially calcium (Ca) as an option for prevention of BSR disease in oil palm.
Thus, the goals of this research were to determine the optimum concentration of
Ca in oil palm seedlings, to determine the effects of different Ca sources on
vegetative growth in oil palm seedlings, to assess the effects of Ca formulation
treatment in the nursery to suppress Ganoderma infection in oil palm seedlings
and to investigate the Ca formulation in controlling Ganoderma disease in oil
palm under field condition. The optimum concentration of Ca was determined
by growing of oil palm seedlings using a modified Hoagland's nutrient solution
containing different concentrations of Ca for three months in a controlled
environment. Concentration of 1,000 ppm of Ca from CaCl2 in the nutrient
solution provided the best growth performance and development of oil palm
seedlings. Subsequently, a nursery evaluation was conducted to determine the
best sources of Ca and accompanying anions with oil palm seedlings planted on
a Beach Ridges Interspersed with Swales (BRIS) soil for six months in MPOB
nursery, Bandar Baru Bangi. An increased in seedling height, girth, chlorophyll
content, and total biomass was observed on a treatment of 1,000 ppm Ca as
CaSO4. Further, oil palm seedlings were pre-treated with formulated fertilizer
containing 1,000 ppm Ca as CaSO4, then challenged with G. boninense PER 17
using rubber wood blocks (RWBs) sitting technique during the nursery trial (12
months) and baiting technique in the field trial (21 months). In nursery and field
trials, at this concentration, the formulated fertilizer provided a better growth
performance and at the same time to prevent BSR, by considerably reducing
52.8 and 81.1%, disease incidence (DI), respectively. Hence, Ca
supplementation in the fertilizer could provide an alternate prevention program
for BSR disease in oil palm plantation. |
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