Serological and molecular surveillance of West Nile virus in domesticated mammals of Peninsular Malaysia

• Main Authors: Mohammed, Mohammed Nma, Yasmin, Abd Rahaman, Ramanoon, Siti Zubaidah, Noraniza, Mohd Adzahan, Ooi, Peck Toung, Ain-Najwa, Mohd Yuseri, Natasha, Jafar Ali, Nur-Fazila, Saulol Hamid, Arshad, Siti Suri, Mohammed, Hussni Omar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media 2023
• Online Access: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109481/1/fvets-10-1126199.pdf; http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109481/; https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1126199/full
• Institution: Universiti Putra Malaysia

West Nile virus is a mosquito-borne neurotropic pathogen with a wide host range that constitutes a significant risk to public and animal health. There is limited information on WNV infection in domesticated mammals in Malaysia; however, current reports indicate infections in birds, macaques, bats and pigs from Malaysia. In this study, 203 serum samples from cattle, goats, and horses were tested for the presence of anti-WNV IgG using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA). Additionally, using one-step RT-PCR, nasopharyngeal swabs were analyzed for WNV RNA from all 203 animals in this study. The WNV seroprevalence was 32.53% (27/83) at 95% CI (0.2342–0.4319) in cattle, 48.27% (14/29) at 95% CI (0.3139–0.6557) in goats and 53.84% (49/91) at 95% CI (0.4366–0.6373) in horses. Cross-reactive JEV antibodies were detected in two cattle and 34 horses. None of the cattle or goats tested positive for WNV RT-PCR. Seven horses were positive for WNV RT-PCR, a molecular prevalence of 7.69% (7/91) at 95% CI (0.0353–0.1528). This is the first reported detection of WNV in domesticated mammals of Malaysia, a significant addition to the growing evidence that WNV is being transmitted from vectors to susceptible hosts in Malaysia.