Enhancing early warning: A DNA biosensor with polyaniline/graphene nanocomposite for label-free voltammetric detection of saxitoxin-producing harmful algae

Yearly reports of detrimental effects resulting from harmful algal blooms (HAB) are still received in Malaysia and other countries, particularly concerning fish mortality and seafood contamination, both of which bear consequences for the fisheries industry. The underlying reason is the absence of a...

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Main Authors: Chwan Chuong Chin, Jeremy Jason, Akbar, Muhamad Afiq, Mohd Yusof, Nurul Yuziana, Pike, Andrew, Goh, Choo Ta, Mustapha, Shuhadah, Tan, Ling Ling
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113750/1/113750.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113750/
https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0045653524020113
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spelling my.upm.eprints.1137502025-01-14T08:02:44Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113750/ Enhancing early warning: A DNA biosensor with polyaniline/graphene nanocomposite for label-free voltammetric detection of saxitoxin-producing harmful algae Chwan Chuong Chin, Jeremy Jason Akbar, Muhamad Afiq Mohd Yusof, Nurul Yuziana Pike, Andrew Goh, Choo Ta Mustapha, Shuhadah Tan, Ling Ling Yearly reports of detrimental effects resulting from harmful algal blooms (HAB) are still received in Malaysia and other countries, particularly concerning fish mortality and seafood contamination, both of which bear consequences for the fisheries industry. The underlying reason is the absence of a dependable early warning system. Hence, this research aims to develop a single DNA biosensor that can detect a group of HAB species known for producing saxitoxin (SXT), which is commonly found in Malaysian waters. The screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE)-based DNA biosensor was fabricated by covalent grafting of the 3’ aminated DNA probe of the sxtA4 conserved domain in SXT-producing dinoflagellates on the reverse-phase polymerized polyaniline/graphene (PGN) nanocomposite electrode via carbodiimide linkage. The introduction of a carboxyphenyl layer to the PGN nanotransducing element was essential to augment the carboxylic groups on the graphene (RGO), facilitating attachment with the aminated DNA. The synergistic effect of the asynthesized nanocomposite of PANI and RGO, tremendously enhanced the electron transfer rate of the ferri/ferrocyanide redox probe at the SPCE transducer surface, allowing for the label-free bioanalytical assay of complementary DNA targets. The developed DNA biosensor featuring the capacity to detect a broad range of Alexandrium minutum (A. minutum) cell concentrations, ranging from 10 to 10,000,000 cells L-1. The quantification of A. minutum cells from pure algal culture by the electrochemical DNA biosensor has been well-validated with traditional microscopic techniques. Furthermore, Alexandrium tamiyavanichii, another toxigenic HAB species, exhibited a similar electrochemical characteristic signal to those observed with A. minutum, whilst the biosensor yielded appreciably distinctive results when subjected to a non-toxigenic microalgae species as a negative control, i.e. Isochrysis galbana. A compendium DNA biosensor design and electrochemical detection strategy at laboratory scale serves as a precursor to the potential development of portable device for on-site detection, thus expanding the utility and scope of biosensor technology. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd Elsevier 2024 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113750/1/113750.pdf Chwan Chuong Chin, Jeremy Jason and Akbar, Muhamad Afiq and Mohd Yusof, Nurul Yuziana and Pike, Andrew and Goh, Choo Ta and Mustapha, Shuhadah and Tan, Ling Ling (2024) Enhancing early warning: A DNA biosensor with polyaniline/graphene nanocomposite for label-free voltammetric detection of saxitoxin-producing harmful algae. Chemosphere, 364. art. no. 143114. pp. 1-12. ISSN 0045-6535; eISSN: 1879-1298 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0045653524020113 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143114
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
description Yearly reports of detrimental effects resulting from harmful algal blooms (HAB) are still received in Malaysia and other countries, particularly concerning fish mortality and seafood contamination, both of which bear consequences for the fisheries industry. The underlying reason is the absence of a dependable early warning system. Hence, this research aims to develop a single DNA biosensor that can detect a group of HAB species known for producing saxitoxin (SXT), which is commonly found in Malaysian waters. The screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE)-based DNA biosensor was fabricated by covalent grafting of the 3’ aminated DNA probe of the sxtA4 conserved domain in SXT-producing dinoflagellates on the reverse-phase polymerized polyaniline/graphene (PGN) nanocomposite electrode via carbodiimide linkage. The introduction of a carboxyphenyl layer to the PGN nanotransducing element was essential to augment the carboxylic groups on the graphene (RGO), facilitating attachment with the aminated DNA. The synergistic effect of the asynthesized nanocomposite of PANI and RGO, tremendously enhanced the electron transfer rate of the ferri/ferrocyanide redox probe at the SPCE transducer surface, allowing for the label-free bioanalytical assay of complementary DNA targets. The developed DNA biosensor featuring the capacity to detect a broad range of Alexandrium minutum (A. minutum) cell concentrations, ranging from 10 to 10,000,000 cells L-1. The quantification of A. minutum cells from pure algal culture by the electrochemical DNA biosensor has been well-validated with traditional microscopic techniques. Furthermore, Alexandrium tamiyavanichii, another toxigenic HAB species, exhibited a similar electrochemical characteristic signal to those observed with A. minutum, whilst the biosensor yielded appreciably distinctive results when subjected to a non-toxigenic microalgae species as a negative control, i.e. Isochrysis galbana. A compendium DNA biosensor design and electrochemical detection strategy at laboratory scale serves as a precursor to the potential development of portable device for on-site detection, thus expanding the utility and scope of biosensor technology. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
format Article
author Chwan Chuong Chin, Jeremy Jason
Akbar, Muhamad Afiq
Mohd Yusof, Nurul Yuziana
Pike, Andrew
Goh, Choo Ta
Mustapha, Shuhadah
Tan, Ling Ling
spellingShingle Chwan Chuong Chin, Jeremy Jason
Akbar, Muhamad Afiq
Mohd Yusof, Nurul Yuziana
Pike, Andrew
Goh, Choo Ta
Mustapha, Shuhadah
Tan, Ling Ling
Enhancing early warning: A DNA biosensor with polyaniline/graphene nanocomposite for label-free voltammetric detection of saxitoxin-producing harmful algae
author_facet Chwan Chuong Chin, Jeremy Jason
Akbar, Muhamad Afiq
Mohd Yusof, Nurul Yuziana
Pike, Andrew
Goh, Choo Ta
Mustapha, Shuhadah
Tan, Ling Ling
author_sort Chwan Chuong Chin, Jeremy Jason
title Enhancing early warning: A DNA biosensor with polyaniline/graphene nanocomposite for label-free voltammetric detection of saxitoxin-producing harmful algae
title_short Enhancing early warning: A DNA biosensor with polyaniline/graphene nanocomposite for label-free voltammetric detection of saxitoxin-producing harmful algae
title_full Enhancing early warning: A DNA biosensor with polyaniline/graphene nanocomposite for label-free voltammetric detection of saxitoxin-producing harmful algae
title_fullStr Enhancing early warning: A DNA biosensor with polyaniline/graphene nanocomposite for label-free voltammetric detection of saxitoxin-producing harmful algae
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing early warning: A DNA biosensor with polyaniline/graphene nanocomposite for label-free voltammetric detection of saxitoxin-producing harmful algae
title_sort enhancing early warning: a dna biosensor with polyaniline/graphene nanocomposite for label-free voltammetric detection of saxitoxin-producing harmful algae
publisher Elsevier
publishDate 2024
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113750/1/113750.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113750/
https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0045653524020113
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