Synthesis of phenolics and flavonoids in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and their effects on photosynthesis rate

The relationship between phenolics and flavonoids synthesis/accumulation and photosynthesis rate was investigated for two Malaysian ginger (Zingiber officinale) varieties grown under four levels of glasshouse light intensity, namely 310, 460, 630 and 790 μmol m 2s 1. High performance liquid chromato...

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Main Authors: Ghasemzadeh , Ali, Jaafar, H. Z. E., Rahmat , Asmah
Format: Article
Language:English
English
Published: MDPI 2010
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/16948/1/Synthesis%20of%20phenolics%20and%20flavonoids%20in%20ginger.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/16948/
http://www.mdpi.com/
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Institution: Universiti Putra Malaysia
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spelling my.upm.eprints.169482015-11-27T08:21:50Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/16948/ Synthesis of phenolics and flavonoids in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and their effects on photosynthesis rate Ghasemzadeh , Ali Jaafar, H. Z. E. Rahmat , Asmah The relationship between phenolics and flavonoids synthesis/accumulation and photosynthesis rate was investigated for two Malaysian ginger (Zingiber officinale) varieties grown under four levels of glasshouse light intensity, namely 310, 460, 630 and 790 μmol m 2s 1. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to identify and quantify the polyphenolic components. The results of HPLC analysis indicated that synthesis and partitioning of quercetin, rutin, catechin, epicatechin and naringenin were high in plants grown under 310 μmol m 2s 1. The average value of flavonoids synthesis in leaves for both varieties increased (Halia Bentong 26.1%; Halia Bara 19.5%) when light intensity decreased. Photosynthetic rate and plant biomass increased in both varieties with increasing light intensity. More specifically, a high photosynthesis rate (12.25 μmol CO 2 m 2s 1 in Halia Bara) and plant biomass (79.47 g in Halia Bentong) were observed at 790 μmol m 2s 1. Furthermore, plants with the lowest rate of photosynthesis had highest flavonoids content. Previous studies have shown that quercetin inhibits and salicylic acid induces the electron transport rate in photosynthesis photosystems. In the current study, quercetin was an abundant flavonoid in both ginger varieties. Moreover, higher concentration of quercetin (1.12 mg/g dry weight) was found in Halia Bara leaves grown under 310 μmol m 2s 1 with a low photosynthesis rate. Furthermore, a high content of salicylic acid (0.673 mg/g dry weight) was detected in Halia Bara leaves exposed under 790 μmol m 2s 1 with a high photosynthesis rate. No salicylic acid was detected in gingers grown under 310 μmol m 2s 1. Ginger is a semi-shade loving plant that does not require high light intensity for photosynthesis. Different photosynthesis rates at different light intensities may be related to the absence or presence of some flavonoid and phenolic compounds. MDPI 2010 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/16948/1/Synthesis%20of%20phenolics%20and%20flavonoids%20in%20ginger.pdf Ghasemzadeh , Ali and Jaafar, H. Z. E. and Rahmat , Asmah (2010) Synthesis of phenolics and flavonoids in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and their effects on photosynthesis rate. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 11 (11). pp. 4539-4555. ISSN 1422-0067, ESSN: 1422-0067 http://www.mdpi.com/ 10.3390/ijms11114539 English
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
English
description The relationship between phenolics and flavonoids synthesis/accumulation and photosynthesis rate was investigated for two Malaysian ginger (Zingiber officinale) varieties grown under four levels of glasshouse light intensity, namely 310, 460, 630 and 790 μmol m 2s 1. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to identify and quantify the polyphenolic components. The results of HPLC analysis indicated that synthesis and partitioning of quercetin, rutin, catechin, epicatechin and naringenin were high in plants grown under 310 μmol m 2s 1. The average value of flavonoids synthesis in leaves for both varieties increased (Halia Bentong 26.1%; Halia Bara 19.5%) when light intensity decreased. Photosynthetic rate and plant biomass increased in both varieties with increasing light intensity. More specifically, a high photosynthesis rate (12.25 μmol CO 2 m 2s 1 in Halia Bara) and plant biomass (79.47 g in Halia Bentong) were observed at 790 μmol m 2s 1. Furthermore, plants with the lowest rate of photosynthesis had highest flavonoids content. Previous studies have shown that quercetin inhibits and salicylic acid induces the electron transport rate in photosynthesis photosystems. In the current study, quercetin was an abundant flavonoid in both ginger varieties. Moreover, higher concentration of quercetin (1.12 mg/g dry weight) was found in Halia Bara leaves grown under 310 μmol m 2s 1 with a low photosynthesis rate. Furthermore, a high content of salicylic acid (0.673 mg/g dry weight) was detected in Halia Bara leaves exposed under 790 μmol m 2s 1 with a high photosynthesis rate. No salicylic acid was detected in gingers grown under 310 μmol m 2s 1. Ginger is a semi-shade loving plant that does not require high light intensity for photosynthesis. Different photosynthesis rates at different light intensities may be related to the absence or presence of some flavonoid and phenolic compounds.
format Article
author Ghasemzadeh , Ali
Jaafar, H. Z. E.
Rahmat , Asmah
spellingShingle Ghasemzadeh , Ali
Jaafar, H. Z. E.
Rahmat , Asmah
Synthesis of phenolics and flavonoids in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and their effects on photosynthesis rate
author_facet Ghasemzadeh , Ali
Jaafar, H. Z. E.
Rahmat , Asmah
author_sort Ghasemzadeh , Ali
title Synthesis of phenolics and flavonoids in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and their effects on photosynthesis rate
title_short Synthesis of phenolics and flavonoids in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and their effects on photosynthesis rate
title_full Synthesis of phenolics and flavonoids in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and their effects on photosynthesis rate
title_fullStr Synthesis of phenolics and flavonoids in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and their effects on photosynthesis rate
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis of phenolics and flavonoids in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and their effects on photosynthesis rate
title_sort synthesis of phenolics and flavonoids in ginger (zingiber officinale roscoe) and their effects on photosynthesis rate
publisher MDPI
publishDate 2010
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/16948/1/Synthesis%20of%20phenolics%20and%20flavonoids%20in%20ginger.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/16948/
http://www.mdpi.com/
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