Sources of sedimentary PAHs in tropical Asian waters: differentiation between pyrogenic and petrogenic sources by alkyl homolog abundance
We collected surface sediment samples from 174 locations in India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, and the Philippines and analyzed them for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and hopanes. PAHs were widely distributed in the sediments, with comparatively higher concentra...
Saved in:
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Elsevier
2009
|
Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/40336/1/Sources%20of%20sedimentary%20PAHs%20in%20tropical%20Asian%20waters%20differentiation%20between%20pyrogenic%20and%20petrogenic%20sources%20by%20alkyl%20homolog%20abundance.pdf http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/40336/ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X08005122 |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
Institution: | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
Language: | English |
id |
my.upm.eprints.40336 |
---|---|
record_format |
eprints |
spelling |
my.upm.eprints.403362015-09-17T06:05:28Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/40336/ Sources of sedimentary PAHs in tropical Asian waters: differentiation between pyrogenic and petrogenic sources by alkyl homolog abundance Saha, Mahua Togo, Ayako Mizukawa, Kaoruko Murakami, Michio Takada, Hideshige Zakaria, Mohamad Pauzi Chiem, Nguyen Huu Tuyen, Bui Cach Prudente, Maricar S. Boonyatumanond, Ruchaya Sarkar, Santosh Kumar Bhattacharya, Badal Mishra, Pravakar Tana, Touch Seang We collected surface sediment samples from 174 locations in India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, and the Philippines and analyzed them for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and hopanes. PAHs were widely distributed in the sediments, with comparatively higher concentrations in urban areas (∑PAHs: ∼1000 to ∼100 000 ng/g-dry) than in rural areas (∼10 to ∼100 g-dry), indicating large sources of PAHs in urban areas. To distinguish petrogenic and pyrogenic sources of PAHs, we calculated the ratios of alkyl PAHs to parent PAHs: methylphenanthrenes to phenanthrene (MP/P), methylpyrenes + methylfluoranthenes to pyrene + fluoranthene (MPy/Py), and methylchrysenes + methylbenz[a]anthracenes to chrysene + benz[a]anthracene (MC/C). Analysis of source materials (crude oil, automobile exhaust, and coal and wood combustion products) gave thresholds of MP/P = 0.4, MPy/Py = 0.5, and MC/C = 1.0 for exclusive combustion origin. All the combustion product samples had the ratios of alkyl PAHs to parent PAHs below these threshold values. Contributions of petrogenic and pyrogenic sources to the sedimentary PAHs were uneven among the homologs: the phenanthrene series had a greater petrogenic contribution, whereas the chrysene series had a greater pyrogenic contribution. All the Indian sediments showed a strong pyrogenic signature with MP/P ≈ 0.5, MPy/Py ≈ 0.1, and MC/C ≈ 0.2, together with depletion of hopanes indicating intensive inputs of combustion products of coal and/or wood, probably due to the heavy dependence on these fuels as sources of energy. In contrast, sedimentary PAHs from all other tropical Asian cities were abundant in alkylated PAHs with MP/P ≈ 1–4, MPy/Py ≈ 0.3–1, and MC/C ≈ 0.2–1.0, suggesting a ubiquitous input of petrogenic PAHs. Petrogenic contributions to PAH homologs varied among the countries: largest in Malaysia whereas inferior in Laos. The higher abundance of alkylated PAHs together with constant hopane profiles suggests widespread inputs of automobile-derived petrogenic PAHs to Asian waters. Elsevier 2009-02 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/40336/1/Sources%20of%20sedimentary%20PAHs%20in%20tropical%20Asian%20waters%20differentiation%20between%20pyrogenic%20and%20petrogenic%20sources%20by%20alkyl%20homolog%20abundance.pdf Saha, Mahua and Togo, Ayako and Mizukawa, Kaoruko and Murakami, Michio and Takada, Hideshige and Zakaria, Mohamad Pauzi and Chiem, Nguyen Huu and Tuyen, Bui Cach and Prudente, Maricar S. and Boonyatumanond, Ruchaya and Sarkar, Santosh Kumar and Bhattacharya, Badal and Mishra, Pravakar and Tana, Touch Seang (2009) Sources of sedimentary PAHs in tropical Asian waters: differentiation between pyrogenic and petrogenic sources by alkyl homolog abundance. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 58 (2). pp. 189-200. ISSN 0025-326X; ESSN: 1879-3363 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X08005122 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.04.049 |
institution |
Universiti Putra Malaysia |
building |
UPM Library |
collection |
Institutional Repository |
continent |
Asia |
country |
Malaysia |
content_provider |
Universiti Putra Malaysia |
content_source |
UPM Institutional Repository |
url_provider |
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/ |
language |
English |
description |
We collected surface sediment samples from 174 locations in India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, and the Philippines and analyzed them for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and hopanes. PAHs were widely distributed in the sediments, with comparatively higher concentrations in urban areas (∑PAHs: ∼1000 to ∼100 000 ng/g-dry) than in rural areas (∼10 to ∼100 g-dry), indicating large sources of PAHs in urban areas. To distinguish petrogenic and pyrogenic sources of PAHs, we calculated the ratios of alkyl PAHs to parent PAHs: methylphenanthrenes to phenanthrene (MP/P), methylpyrenes + methylfluoranthenes to pyrene + fluoranthene (MPy/Py), and methylchrysenes + methylbenz[a]anthracenes to chrysene + benz[a]anthracene (MC/C). Analysis of source materials (crude oil, automobile exhaust, and coal and wood combustion products) gave thresholds of MP/P = 0.4, MPy/Py = 0.5, and MC/C = 1.0 for exclusive combustion origin. All the combustion product samples had the ratios of alkyl PAHs to parent PAHs below these threshold values. Contributions of petrogenic and pyrogenic sources to the sedimentary PAHs were uneven among the homologs: the phenanthrene series had a greater petrogenic contribution, whereas the chrysene series had a greater pyrogenic contribution. All the Indian sediments showed a strong pyrogenic signature with MP/P ≈ 0.5, MPy/Py ≈ 0.1, and MC/C ≈ 0.2, together with depletion of hopanes indicating intensive inputs of combustion products of coal and/or wood, probably due to the heavy dependence on these fuels as sources of energy. In contrast, sedimentary PAHs from all other tropical Asian cities were abundant in alkylated PAHs with MP/P ≈ 1–4, MPy/Py ≈ 0.3–1, and MC/C ≈ 0.2–1.0, suggesting a ubiquitous input of petrogenic PAHs. Petrogenic contributions to PAH homologs varied among the countries: largest in Malaysia whereas inferior in Laos. The higher abundance of alkylated PAHs together with constant hopane profiles suggests widespread inputs of automobile-derived petrogenic PAHs to Asian waters. |
format |
Article |
author |
Saha, Mahua Togo, Ayako Mizukawa, Kaoruko Murakami, Michio Takada, Hideshige Zakaria, Mohamad Pauzi Chiem, Nguyen Huu Tuyen, Bui Cach Prudente, Maricar S. Boonyatumanond, Ruchaya Sarkar, Santosh Kumar Bhattacharya, Badal Mishra, Pravakar Tana, Touch Seang |
spellingShingle |
Saha, Mahua Togo, Ayako Mizukawa, Kaoruko Murakami, Michio Takada, Hideshige Zakaria, Mohamad Pauzi Chiem, Nguyen Huu Tuyen, Bui Cach Prudente, Maricar S. Boonyatumanond, Ruchaya Sarkar, Santosh Kumar Bhattacharya, Badal Mishra, Pravakar Tana, Touch Seang Sources of sedimentary PAHs in tropical Asian waters: differentiation between pyrogenic and petrogenic sources by alkyl homolog abundance |
author_facet |
Saha, Mahua Togo, Ayako Mizukawa, Kaoruko Murakami, Michio Takada, Hideshige Zakaria, Mohamad Pauzi Chiem, Nguyen Huu Tuyen, Bui Cach Prudente, Maricar S. Boonyatumanond, Ruchaya Sarkar, Santosh Kumar Bhattacharya, Badal Mishra, Pravakar Tana, Touch Seang |
author_sort |
Saha, Mahua |
title |
Sources of sedimentary PAHs in tropical Asian waters: differentiation between pyrogenic and petrogenic sources by alkyl homolog abundance |
title_short |
Sources of sedimentary PAHs in tropical Asian waters: differentiation between pyrogenic and petrogenic sources by alkyl homolog abundance |
title_full |
Sources of sedimentary PAHs in tropical Asian waters: differentiation between pyrogenic and petrogenic sources by alkyl homolog abundance |
title_fullStr |
Sources of sedimentary PAHs in tropical Asian waters: differentiation between pyrogenic and petrogenic sources by alkyl homolog abundance |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sources of sedimentary PAHs in tropical Asian waters: differentiation between pyrogenic and petrogenic sources by alkyl homolog abundance |
title_sort |
sources of sedimentary pahs in tropical asian waters: differentiation between pyrogenic and petrogenic sources by alkyl homolog abundance |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2009 |
url |
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/40336/1/Sources%20of%20sedimentary%20PAHs%20in%20tropical%20Asian%20waters%20differentiation%20between%20pyrogenic%20and%20petrogenic%20sources%20by%20alkyl%20homolog%20abundance.pdf http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/40336/ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X08005122 |
_version_ |
1643832686796603392 |