Effects of oil palm tocotrienol rich fraction on the viability and morphology of astrocytes injured with glutamate

Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) is an extract of palm oil that consists of 25% α-tocopherol and 75% tocotrienols. TRF was shown to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective and cholesterol-lowering activities. Glutamate is the major mediator of excitatory signals in the mam...

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Main Authors: Musa, Ibrahim, Khaza’ai, Huzwah, Abdul Mutalib, Mohd Sokhini, Yusuf, Faridah, Sanusi, Junedah, Chang, Sui Kiat
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2017
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/61663/1/Effects%20of%20oil%20palm%20tocotrienol%20rich%20fraction%20on%20the%20viability%20and%20morphology%20of%20astrocytes%20injured%20with%20glutamate.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/61663/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212429217304261
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spelling my.upm.eprints.616632018-10-30T03:51:35Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/61663/ Effects of oil palm tocotrienol rich fraction on the viability and morphology of astrocytes injured with glutamate Musa, Ibrahim Khaza’ai, Huzwah Abdul Mutalib, Mohd Sokhini Yusuf, Faridah Sanusi, Junedah Chang, Sui Kiat Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) is an extract of palm oil that consists of 25% α-tocopherol and 75% tocotrienols. TRF was shown to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective and cholesterol-lowering activities. Glutamate is the major mediator of excitatory signals in the mammalian central nervous system. Extreme amounts of glutamate in the extracellular spaces can lead to numerous neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, the efficacy of oil palm TRF and α-tocopherol in protecting astrocytes against glutamate-induced cell death was studied. Specifically, the effectiveness of pre- or post-treatment of TRF and α-tocopherol upon glutamate excitotoxicity was determined by evaluating cell viability and morphology of astrocytes. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay while cell morphology was monitored under fluorescent microscope using the acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) assay. Exposure to 230 mM glutamate significantly reduced cell viability to 50% in both the pre- and post-treatment studies; however, pre- and post-treatment with TRF and α-tocopherol attenuated the cytotoxic effect of glutamate. Compared to glutamate-injured astrocytes, pre-treatment with 100, 200 and 300 ng/ml TRF significantly improved cell viability following glutamate injury to 86.6%, 86.7% and 93.9%, respectively (p < 0.05). On the contrary, high concentrations of α-tocopherol promote cell death. This study shows that TRF not only provide a better protection against glutamate toxicity (pre-treatment), but was also able to reverse the lipid peroxidation resulting from glutamate insults (post-treatment). The present results demonstrate that TRF, but not α-tocopherol, protected the astrocytes against glutamate-induced cell death, indicating its neuro-protective potential. Elsevier 2017 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/61663/1/Effects%20of%20oil%20palm%20tocotrienol%20rich%20fraction%20on%20the%20viability%20and%20morphology%20of%20astrocytes%20injured%20with%20glutamate.pdf Musa, Ibrahim and Khaza’ai, Huzwah and Abdul Mutalib, Mohd Sokhini and Yusuf, Faridah and Sanusi, Junedah and Chang, Sui Kiat (2017) Effects of oil palm tocotrienol rich fraction on the viability and morphology of astrocytes injured with glutamate. Food Bioscience, 20. 149- 158. ISSN 2212-4292; ESSN: 2212-4306 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212429217304261 10.1016/j.fbio.2017.10.005
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
description Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) is an extract of palm oil that consists of 25% α-tocopherol and 75% tocotrienols. TRF was shown to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective and cholesterol-lowering activities. Glutamate is the major mediator of excitatory signals in the mammalian central nervous system. Extreme amounts of glutamate in the extracellular spaces can lead to numerous neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, the efficacy of oil palm TRF and α-tocopherol in protecting astrocytes against glutamate-induced cell death was studied. Specifically, the effectiveness of pre- or post-treatment of TRF and α-tocopherol upon glutamate excitotoxicity was determined by evaluating cell viability and morphology of astrocytes. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay while cell morphology was monitored under fluorescent microscope using the acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) assay. Exposure to 230 mM glutamate significantly reduced cell viability to 50% in both the pre- and post-treatment studies; however, pre- and post-treatment with TRF and α-tocopherol attenuated the cytotoxic effect of glutamate. Compared to glutamate-injured astrocytes, pre-treatment with 100, 200 and 300 ng/ml TRF significantly improved cell viability following glutamate injury to 86.6%, 86.7% and 93.9%, respectively (p < 0.05). On the contrary, high concentrations of α-tocopherol promote cell death. This study shows that TRF not only provide a better protection against glutamate toxicity (pre-treatment), but was also able to reverse the lipid peroxidation resulting from glutamate insults (post-treatment). The present results demonstrate that TRF, but not α-tocopherol, protected the astrocytes against glutamate-induced cell death, indicating its neuro-protective potential.
format Article
author Musa, Ibrahim
Khaza’ai, Huzwah
Abdul Mutalib, Mohd Sokhini
Yusuf, Faridah
Sanusi, Junedah
Chang, Sui Kiat
spellingShingle Musa, Ibrahim
Khaza’ai, Huzwah
Abdul Mutalib, Mohd Sokhini
Yusuf, Faridah
Sanusi, Junedah
Chang, Sui Kiat
Effects of oil palm tocotrienol rich fraction on the viability and morphology of astrocytes injured with glutamate
author_facet Musa, Ibrahim
Khaza’ai, Huzwah
Abdul Mutalib, Mohd Sokhini
Yusuf, Faridah
Sanusi, Junedah
Chang, Sui Kiat
author_sort Musa, Ibrahim
title Effects of oil palm tocotrienol rich fraction on the viability and morphology of astrocytes injured with glutamate
title_short Effects of oil palm tocotrienol rich fraction on the viability and morphology of astrocytes injured with glutamate
title_full Effects of oil palm tocotrienol rich fraction on the viability and morphology of astrocytes injured with glutamate
title_fullStr Effects of oil palm tocotrienol rich fraction on the viability and morphology of astrocytes injured with glutamate
title_full_unstemmed Effects of oil palm tocotrienol rich fraction on the viability and morphology of astrocytes injured with glutamate
title_sort effects of oil palm tocotrienol rich fraction on the viability and morphology of astrocytes injured with glutamate
publisher Elsevier
publishDate 2017
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/61663/1/Effects%20of%20oil%20palm%20tocotrienol%20rich%20fraction%20on%20the%20viability%20and%20morphology%20of%20astrocytes%20injured%20with%20glutamate.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/61663/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212429217304261
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