The Effect Of Amino Functional Starch On The Mechanical And Degradation Properties Of Carboxylated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Latex Films

• Main Author: Misman, Muhammad Afiq
• Format: Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: 2017
• Subjects: T Technology; TA401-492 Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials
• Online Access: http://eprints.usm.my/45783/1/The%20Effect%20Of%20Amino%20Functional%20Starch%20On%20The%20Mechanical%20And%20Degradation%20Properties%20Of%20Carboxylated%20Nitrile%20Butadiene%20Rubber%20Latex%20Films.pdf; http://eprints.usm.my/45783/
• Institution: Universiti Sains Malaysia

Lateks getah nitril butadiena terkarboksil (XNBR) telah dicampurkan dengan kanji berfungsi amino (ANS) dan filem getah nipis telah dihasilkan melalui teknik pencelupan berkoagulan. Sebelum proses tersebut, ANS telah disintesiskan dengan kepekatan akrilonitril yang berbeza untuk mengkaji kesan kepekatan akrilonitril ke atas tahap penggantian (DS) dan kestabilan partikel ANS di dalam lateks XNBR. ANS yang dihasilkan dicirikan dengan menganalisa keputusan nuklear proton resonans magnetik (1H-NMR), analisis unsur (EA), dan infra merah terubah fourier (FTIR). Kelikatan produk dan berat molekul berdasarkan purata kelikatan ditentukan dengan viskometer „Ubbelohde‟ dan kestabilan partikel ditentukan melalui analisa potensi zeta. Kajian mengenai kesan jumlah pembebanan ANS (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 phr) ke atas sifat - sifat mekanikal, morfologikal, termal, proses pecutan penuaan, dan biodegradsi filem lateks ANS/XNBR telah dijalankan. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan DS ANS bergantung kepada kepekatan akrilonitril akan tetapi kestabilan ANS bergantung kepada saiz partikel dan „zeta potential‟. Sifat akhir filem bergantung kepada kepekatan ANS. Penambahan ANS tidak meningkatkan sifat mekanikal filem lateks ANS/XNBR tetapi memberikan kesan ketara keatas sifat biodegradasi filem. Kajian morfologi menunjukkan penggunaan ANS di dalam sebatian lateks XNBR menjadikan permukaan filem lateks kasar dengan filem yang mempunyai jumlah ANS tertinggi menunjukkan pembentukan beberapa rongga dan gumpalan pengisi. Analisa TGA-DTG menunjukkan bahawa penambahan ANS meningkatkan rintangan filem lateks terhadap degradasi terma. Walaubagaimanapun, ujian pecutan penuaan (isoterma) pada 100 °C menunjukkan bahawa penambahan ANS meningkatkan kadar penuaan lateks filem. Pembentukan rongga ini mempercepatkan serangan mikroorganisma ketika proses biodegradasi sekaligus meningkatan kadar biodegradasi filem. Akan tetapi, jumlah pembebanan optimumuntuk filem lateks ANS/XNBR dicapai pada 10 phr dengan merujuk kepada ketinggian sifat - sifat mekanikal filem yang dipamerkan berbanding filem ANS/XNBR pada pembebanan yang lain. __________________________________________________________________________________ Carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) latex was compounded with amino functional starch (ANS) and latex thin films were prepared by coagulant dipping technique. Prior to the process, ANS was synthesized with different acrylonitrile concentration to study the effect of acrylonitrile concentration on the degree of substitution (DS) and the stability of the ANS particle in XNBR latex. The ANS produced was characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), elemental analysis (EA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. The product viscosity and viscosity average molecular weight were determined by ubbelohde viscometer and the stability of the particle was obtained via zeta potential analysis. A study was conducted to determine the effect of ANS loadings (0, 5,10,15,20 phr) on the films mechanical, morphological, thermal, accelerated aging process, and biodegradation properties of ANS/XNBR latex films. Results show that, the DS of ANS depends on the acrylonitrile content, but the stability of ANS depends on the particle size and its zeta potential. The final properties of the films depend on the ANS concentration. The addition of ANS did not improve the mechanical properties of ANS/XNBR latex films, but give a significant contribution towards films biodegradability. Morphological study shown the incorporation of ANS in XNBR latex compound results in surface roughness with higher loading films shown a number of void and agglomeration of filler. TGA-DTG analysis shows that the addition of ANS increased the latex film resistance towards thermal degradation. However, accelerated ageing test (isothermal) at 100 °C indicates that introduction of ANS increased the ability of the film aged. The formation of void in higher loading films accelerates the microbial attack during biodegradation test and contribute significantly towards films biodegradability. However, optimum filler loading for ANS/XNBR latex obtained was 10 phr due to higher mechanical properties showed by the films compared to other loading of ANS/XNBR latex films.