Optimization Of Fortified Parboiling Process Of White Rice With Clitoria Ternatea Flower Extract And Its Characterization Of Physicochemical, Cooking Properties And Storage Stability

• Main Author: Ramli, Muhammad Ezzudin
• Format: Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: 2019
• Subjects: QH1 Natural history (General - Including nature conservation, geographical distribution)
• Online Access: http://eprints.usm.my/48187/1/MUHAMMAD%20EZZUDIN%20BIN%20RAMLI%20cut.pdf; http://eprints.usm.my/48187/
• Institution: Universiti Sains Malaysia

Clitoria ternatea flower extract is commonly used in making blue rice of popular Malay delicacy “Nasi Kerabu”. A fortified parboil process was developed. Flavonoid fortification and blue coloration of white rice was developed by parboiling process using the Clitoria ternatea (CT) flower extract. The physicochemical, cooking properties and storage stability of the fortified rice were studied and compared with raw and white parboiled rice as control. In Phase 1, the fortification method was introduced during soaking of white rice with CT extract (1:100 w/v) to replace water prior to steaming and drying. The fortified parboiling process of three different varieties of rice namely MRQ 74, MRQ 76 and glutinous rice was optimized using full factorial design with two processing parameters: soaking temperatures (50, 60, and 70 °C) and soaking time (10, 20, and 30 minutes) to obtain maximum total flavonoid content (TFC) of the fortified rice. The TFC increased with increase in soaking temperature and time for all varieties of rice. MRQ 74 showed linear model with maximum TFC of 3150.0 μg/g, while MRQ 76 and glutinous rice showed quadratic model with maximum TFC of 4466.7μg/g and 6111.1 μg/g, respectively at optimum soaking condition of 70 °C and 30 minutes. Interestingly, the maximum TFC was inversely correlated to their amylose content (Pearson correlation=-0.999). In Phase 2, the physicochemical and cooking properties of the fortified parboiled rice were compared with raw and parboiled rice (control).