Optimization and kinetic studies on biodiesel conversion from Chlorella vulgaris microalgae using pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquids as a catalyst
This study describes the potential conversion of dried microalgae. Chlorella vulgaris (C. vul-garis) into fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) using the direct transesterification (DT) method and using ionic liquids (ILs) as a catalyst. In this work, the performance of monocationic IL, namely 1-butyl-1-me...
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Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI
2022
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101323/1/AsiahNusaibahMasri2022_OptimizationandKineticStudiesonBiodieselConversion.pdf http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101323/ http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12030277 |
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Institution: | Universiti Teknologi Malaysia |
Language: | English |
Summary: | This study describes the potential conversion of dried microalgae. Chlorella vulgaris (C. vul-garis) into fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) using the direct transesterification (DT) method and using ionic liquids (ILs) as a catalyst. In this work, the performance of monocationic IL, namely 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide (IL 1), and dicationic IL, namely 1,4-bis(1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl) butane dibromide (IL 2), as catalysts was compared for DT of C. vulgaris under microwave irradiation. The results revealed that IL 2 showed a better performance in catalyzing the DT reaction by producing 87.9 mg/g% of FAME, while the use of IL 1 led to 74.3 mg/g% of FAME under optimum conditions. The kinetic study for direct transesterification of C. vulgaris showed that the reaction followed a first order kinetic reaction where the activation energies were calculated to be 22.2499 kJ mol-1 and 22.0413 kJ mol-1 for IL 1 and IL 2, respectively. |
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