Catalytic deoxygenation of hydrolyzed oil of chlorella vulgaris microalgae over lanthanum-embedded HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst to produce bio-fuels

Microalgae is one of the most important sources of green hydrocarbons because it contains a high percentage of lipids and is likely to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Several zeolite-based catalysts have a short lifetime due to coke-formation deactivation. In this study, a lanthanum-modified HZSM-5...

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Main Authors: Nuhma, Mustafa Jawad, Alias, Hajar, Muhammad Tahir, Muhammad Tahir, Jazie, Ali A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI 2022
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Online Access:http://eprints.utm.my/103332/1/HajarAlias2022_CatalyticDeoxygenationofHydrolyzedOil.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/103332/
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196527
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Institution: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
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spelling my.utm.1033322023-10-31T02:45:45Z http://eprints.utm.my/103332/ Catalytic deoxygenation of hydrolyzed oil of chlorella vulgaris microalgae over lanthanum-embedded HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst to produce bio-fuels Nuhma, Mustafa Jawad Alias, Hajar Muhammad Tahir, Muhammad Tahir Jazie, Ali A. Q Science (General) TP Chemical technology Microalgae is one of the most important sources of green hydrocarbons because it contains a high percentage of lipids and is likely to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Several zeolite-based catalysts have a short lifetime due to coke-formation deactivation. In this study, a lanthanum-modified HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst for the conversion of crude oil into non-oxygenated compounds (hydrocarbons) and oxygenated compounds has been investigated. The crude oil of Chlorella Vulgaris microalgae was extracted using Soxhlet and converted into hydrolyzed oil (HO) through a transesterification reaction. The experiments were conducted in a batch reactor (300 °C, 1000 rpm, 7 bar of N2, the catalyst to the algal HO ratio of 15% (wt.%) and 6 h). The results were organized into three groups: product yield, chemical composition, and carbon number distribution. The liquid products were investigated, including their elemental composition, higher heating value (HHV), atomic ratios of O/C and H/C, and degree of deoxygenation (DOD%). The loading of lanthanum into HZSM-5 zeolite with different loading percentages enhanced the acid sites needed for the algal HO conversion. Among all the synthesized catalysts, 10%La/HZSM-5 produced the highest conversion of the algal HO, the highest yield of hydrocarbons, the highest HHV, and the highest DOD%; those were 100%, 36.88%, 34.16 MJ/kg, and 56.11%, respectively. The enhanced catalytic conversion was due to the presence of lanthanum, which alters the active sites for the desired reactions of catalytic deoxygenation. The main effect of the modification of the parent HZSM-5 zeolite with lanthanum led to adjusting the acidic sites needed to increase the conversion (%) of the algal HO in the catalytic deoxygenation process and thus increase the hydrocarbon yield (%), which in turn led to an increase in the HHV and DOD%. The proposed La-based zeolite composite is promising for different energy applications due to its unique benefits compared to other expensive and less-stable catalysts. MDPI 2022-10 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/103332/1/HajarAlias2022_CatalyticDeoxygenationofHydrolyzedOil.pdf Nuhma, Mustafa Jawad and Alias, Hajar and Muhammad Tahir, Muhammad Tahir and Jazie, Ali A. (2022) Catalytic deoxygenation of hydrolyzed oil of chlorella vulgaris microalgae over lanthanum-embedded HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst to produce bio-fuels. Molecules, 27 (19). pp. 1-35. ISSN 1420-3049 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196527 DOI:10.3390/molecules27196527
institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building UTM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utm.my/
language English
topic Q Science (General)
TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle Q Science (General)
TP Chemical technology
Nuhma, Mustafa Jawad
Alias, Hajar
Muhammad Tahir, Muhammad Tahir
Jazie, Ali A.
Catalytic deoxygenation of hydrolyzed oil of chlorella vulgaris microalgae over lanthanum-embedded HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst to produce bio-fuels
description Microalgae is one of the most important sources of green hydrocarbons because it contains a high percentage of lipids and is likely to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Several zeolite-based catalysts have a short lifetime due to coke-formation deactivation. In this study, a lanthanum-modified HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst for the conversion of crude oil into non-oxygenated compounds (hydrocarbons) and oxygenated compounds has been investigated. The crude oil of Chlorella Vulgaris microalgae was extracted using Soxhlet and converted into hydrolyzed oil (HO) through a transesterification reaction. The experiments were conducted in a batch reactor (300 °C, 1000 rpm, 7 bar of N2, the catalyst to the algal HO ratio of 15% (wt.%) and 6 h). The results were organized into three groups: product yield, chemical composition, and carbon number distribution. The liquid products were investigated, including their elemental composition, higher heating value (HHV), atomic ratios of O/C and H/C, and degree of deoxygenation (DOD%). The loading of lanthanum into HZSM-5 zeolite with different loading percentages enhanced the acid sites needed for the algal HO conversion. Among all the synthesized catalysts, 10%La/HZSM-5 produced the highest conversion of the algal HO, the highest yield of hydrocarbons, the highest HHV, and the highest DOD%; those were 100%, 36.88%, 34.16 MJ/kg, and 56.11%, respectively. The enhanced catalytic conversion was due to the presence of lanthanum, which alters the active sites for the desired reactions of catalytic deoxygenation. The main effect of the modification of the parent HZSM-5 zeolite with lanthanum led to adjusting the acidic sites needed to increase the conversion (%) of the algal HO in the catalytic deoxygenation process and thus increase the hydrocarbon yield (%), which in turn led to an increase in the HHV and DOD%. The proposed La-based zeolite composite is promising for different energy applications due to its unique benefits compared to other expensive and less-stable catalysts.
format Article
author Nuhma, Mustafa Jawad
Alias, Hajar
Muhammad Tahir, Muhammad Tahir
Jazie, Ali A.
author_facet Nuhma, Mustafa Jawad
Alias, Hajar
Muhammad Tahir, Muhammad Tahir
Jazie, Ali A.
author_sort Nuhma, Mustafa Jawad
title Catalytic deoxygenation of hydrolyzed oil of chlorella vulgaris microalgae over lanthanum-embedded HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst to produce bio-fuels
title_short Catalytic deoxygenation of hydrolyzed oil of chlorella vulgaris microalgae over lanthanum-embedded HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst to produce bio-fuels
title_full Catalytic deoxygenation of hydrolyzed oil of chlorella vulgaris microalgae over lanthanum-embedded HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst to produce bio-fuels
title_fullStr Catalytic deoxygenation of hydrolyzed oil of chlorella vulgaris microalgae over lanthanum-embedded HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst to produce bio-fuels
title_full_unstemmed Catalytic deoxygenation of hydrolyzed oil of chlorella vulgaris microalgae over lanthanum-embedded HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst to produce bio-fuels
title_sort catalytic deoxygenation of hydrolyzed oil of chlorella vulgaris microalgae over lanthanum-embedded hzsm-5 zeolite catalyst to produce bio-fuels
publisher MDPI
publishDate 2022
url http://eprints.utm.my/103332/1/HajarAlias2022_CatalyticDeoxygenationofHydrolyzedOil.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/103332/
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196527
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