Migration factors and the post-conflict reconstruction policies in Juba

• Main Author: Christian Izuchukwu, Okafor
• Format: Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: 2021
• Subjects: JV Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration
• Online Access: http://eprints.utm.my/107046/1/OkaforChristianIzuchukwuPFTIR2021.pdf; http://eprints.utm.my/107046/; http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:156369?site_name=GlobalView&query=Migration+factors+and+the+post-conflict+reconstruction+policies+in+Juba&queryType=vitalDismax
• Institution: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Conflicts, be it in the form of clashes over resources, cross-border incursions, civil unrest, ethnically and religiously motivated violence, and states sponsored internal violence, or full-scale interstate wars show that the effects of war and crises remain more regrettable than contemplated. Juba have experienced a protracted war of secession, and most recent internal crises over control of power and resources which has triggered mass displacements and migrations. An analysis of the factors of migration in South Sudan and Juba reveals more worrisome effects of war, looking at the displacement pattern and migration effects in the affected areas. Recently, the urban population in South Sudan generally increases at an annual rate of 10 percent, mainly because of displacements and rural-urban migration, resulting from the effects of conflicts across the country. This phenomenon is largely due to four major inter-related components that have affected human existence; 1) social, 2) economical, 3) environmental and 4) political factors. The study on migration factors and the post-conflict reconstruction policies in Juba looks at how the government and policy makers have been working with relevant legal and policy instruments to address the effects in the area over the years. Generally, this research studied the migratory factors and trends, policy efforts, and the role of state and non-state actors including the United Nations. Then, using a qualitative research approach, the research aimed to ascertain the push and pull factors, which affect post-conflict reconstruction policies in Juba. A qualitative research method was used to facilitate the fulfillment of the aim and objectives of this research. Data were collected in the field via the following process: 1) a review of relevant literature, policies, reports, and historical data; 2) in-depth and semi-structured interviews; and 3) field observations. Using Delphi techniques, via the purposive sampling technique, 178 respondents comprising United Nations and Non-Governmental Organization Experts, Government officials, and Community members were selected for the interview; 75 responded via Delphi technique in the first round of interview while 16 interviewees participated and responded in the second round of interview. The study identified a lack of coordination among international and local actors as stakeholders in the application of the relevant legal and policy instruments to address the effects of migrations over the years. The development of policies and application of legislation were inappropriately done by way of exclusion of the local actors in the processes and application as it further disadvantages those at the highest risk of already fragile post-conflict societies. The research, therefore, developed a new theoretical framework (Community lead implementation model) that combines community leaders, the government, the implementing partners, and donors at every level of the process. This coordination theory is expected to enhance local actors’ partnership through inclusive consultations, hence influencing the coordinated network structure in improving post-conflict reconstruction works and minimizing migratory trends which by extension would address the displacement phenomenon across the country. This can enlighten the stakeholders in making migration policies, and contribute to the literature of post-conflict reconstruction strategies.