A 16-bit Brent-Kung Adder scheme for linear array photon counting circuit

• Main Authors: Isaak, Suhaila, Mohammed Ndottiwa, Abubakar, Yusof, Yusmeeraz, Paraman, Norlina, Hamzah, Afiq, Chew, Yeo Hong
• Format: Conference or Workshop Item
• Published: 2023
• Subjects: TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
• Online Access: http://eprints.utm.my/108000/; http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0121933
• Institution: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

The development in photon counting discipline has progressed quite remarkably for precise data accumulation. The elevated volume in detected photon is demanded a new rapid and quantitative module to count a large number of uncorrelated time photon signal. In lab measurement, the photon proportion is determined by trivial observation of the count rate, system delay, area consumption and transistor technology, which encountered with inaccurate results. This progress has prefaced to a comprehensive number of activities exploiting adder design for many applications within the photon counting domain. As data acquisition demand increases and the photon count rates database broaden, an improved data processing mechanism to assemble the counted photon database, have also been emerged. In this work, the integrated circuit design on 16-inpust parallel photon counting module with adder circuit is reported. The limitation to establish high-speed counter module is configured using 16-bits Brent-Kung Adder on Field Programmable Hardware Array implementation. The characterization was conducted with various degree of input frequency to enhance the design specification focusing on the parallel counter and wavelengths range, respectively. This method has discovered the proposed Field Programmable Hardware Array based photon counting system with 16-bits Brent-Kung Adder scheme with two-staged pipelining improved with increased frequency of 42.7 % compared with 385 MHz due to high critical path delay. This result suggested that compared with generalized cross-correlation-based time-difference measurement methods, the proposed method produced a higher time-difference resolution and accuracy. The proposed method provides a new solution for solving compact and weak analog signal processing with cost-effective and robust technology high-speed and real-time on field instruments.