Electro-transformation of mefenamic acid drug: a case study of kinetics, transformation products, and toxicity

Poor removal of many pharmaceuticals and personal care products in sewage treatment plants leads to their discharge into the receiving waters, where they may cause negative effects for aquatic environment and organisms. In this study, electrochemical removal process has been used as alternative meth...

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Main Authors: Mussa, Zainab Haider, Al-Qaim, Fouad Fadhil, Yuzir, Ali, Latip, Jalifah
Format: Article
Published: Springer Verlag 2019
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Online Access:http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/87977/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04301-3
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Institution: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
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spelling my.utm.879772020-11-30T13:44:06Z http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/87977/ Electro-transformation of mefenamic acid drug: a case study of kinetics, transformation products, and toxicity Mussa, Zainab Haider Al-Qaim, Fouad Fadhil Yuzir, Ali Latip, Jalifah TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TP Chemical technology Poor removal of many pharmaceuticals and personal care products in sewage treatment plants leads to their discharge into the receiving waters, where they may cause negative effects for aquatic environment and organisms. In this study, electrochemical removal process has been used as alternative method for removal of mefenamic acid (MEF). For our knowledge, removal of MEF using electrochemical process has not been reported yet. Effects of initial concentration of mefenamic acid, sodium chloride (NaCl), and applied voltage were evaluated for improvement of the efficiency of electrochemical treatment process and to understand how much electric energy was consumed in this process. Removal percentage (R%) was ranged between 44 and 97%, depending on the operating parameters except for 0.1 g NaCl which was 9.1%. Consumption energy was 0.224 Wh/mg after 50 min at 2 mg/L of mefenamic acid, 0.5 g NaCl, and 5 V. High consumption energy (0.433 Wh/mg) was observed using high applied voltage of 7 V. Investigation and elucidation of the transformation products were provided by Bruker software dataAnalysis using liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry. Seven chlorinated and two non-chlorinated transformation products were investigated after 20 min of electrochemical treatment. However, all transformation products (TPs) were eliminated after 140 min. For the assessment of the toxicity, it was impacted by the formation of transformation products especially between 20 and 60 min then the inhibition percentage of E. coli bacteria was decreased after 80 min to be the lowest value. Springer Verlag 2019-04-01 Article PeerReviewed Mussa, Zainab Haider and Al-Qaim, Fouad Fadhil and Yuzir, Ali and Latip, Jalifah (2019) Electro-transformation of mefenamic acid drug: a case study of kinetics, transformation products, and toxicity. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26 (10). pp. 10044-10056. ISSN 0944-1344 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04301-3 DOI:10.1007/s11356-019-04301-3
institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building UTM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utm.my/
topic TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
TP Chemical technology
Mussa, Zainab Haider
Al-Qaim, Fouad Fadhil
Yuzir, Ali
Latip, Jalifah
Electro-transformation of mefenamic acid drug: a case study of kinetics, transformation products, and toxicity
description Poor removal of many pharmaceuticals and personal care products in sewage treatment plants leads to their discharge into the receiving waters, where they may cause negative effects for aquatic environment and organisms. In this study, electrochemical removal process has been used as alternative method for removal of mefenamic acid (MEF). For our knowledge, removal of MEF using electrochemical process has not been reported yet. Effects of initial concentration of mefenamic acid, sodium chloride (NaCl), and applied voltage were evaluated for improvement of the efficiency of electrochemical treatment process and to understand how much electric energy was consumed in this process. Removal percentage (R%) was ranged between 44 and 97%, depending on the operating parameters except for 0.1 g NaCl which was 9.1%. Consumption energy was 0.224 Wh/mg after 50 min at 2 mg/L of mefenamic acid, 0.5 g NaCl, and 5 V. High consumption energy (0.433 Wh/mg) was observed using high applied voltage of 7 V. Investigation and elucidation of the transformation products were provided by Bruker software dataAnalysis using liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry. Seven chlorinated and two non-chlorinated transformation products were investigated after 20 min of electrochemical treatment. However, all transformation products (TPs) were eliminated after 140 min. For the assessment of the toxicity, it was impacted by the formation of transformation products especially between 20 and 60 min then the inhibition percentage of E. coli bacteria was decreased after 80 min to be the lowest value.
format Article
author Mussa, Zainab Haider
Al-Qaim, Fouad Fadhil
Yuzir, Ali
Latip, Jalifah
author_facet Mussa, Zainab Haider
Al-Qaim, Fouad Fadhil
Yuzir, Ali
Latip, Jalifah
author_sort Mussa, Zainab Haider
title Electro-transformation of mefenamic acid drug: a case study of kinetics, transformation products, and toxicity
title_short Electro-transformation of mefenamic acid drug: a case study of kinetics, transformation products, and toxicity
title_full Electro-transformation of mefenamic acid drug: a case study of kinetics, transformation products, and toxicity
title_fullStr Electro-transformation of mefenamic acid drug: a case study of kinetics, transformation products, and toxicity
title_full_unstemmed Electro-transformation of mefenamic acid drug: a case study of kinetics, transformation products, and toxicity
title_sort electro-transformation of mefenamic acid drug: a case study of kinetics, transformation products, and toxicity
publisher Springer Verlag
publishDate 2019
url http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/87977/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04301-3
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