Production of ethyl levulinate via esterification reaction of levulinic acid in the presence of zro 2 based catalyst
Ethyl levulinate is widely used as a fuel additive, flavor or fragrance and as a component of fuel blending. This study focused on the production of ethyl levulinate from levulinic acid via esterification reaction in the presence of HPW/ZrO 2 .The catalyst was prepared using the wet impregnation met...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Published: |
Malaysian Society of Analytical Sciences
2019
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/91573/ http://www.dx.doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2019-2301-06 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Institution: | Universiti Teknologi Malaysia |
| Summary: | Ethyl levulinate is widely used as a fuel additive, flavor or fragrance and as a component of fuel blending. This study focused on the production of ethyl levulinate from levulinic acid via esterification reaction in the presence of HPW/ZrO 2 .The catalyst was prepared using the wet impregnation method, characterized by using FTIR, BET and NH 3 -TPD and screened based on 20%, 40% and 60% HPW/ZrO 2 . The 40% HPW/ZrO 2 catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic performance during the parameter screening stage which included catalyst loading (0.25‒1.25g) and volume ratio of levulinic acid to ethanol (1:4 – 1:8). The highest ethyl levulinate yield of 99% corresponded to a catalyst loading of 0.5 g and volume ratio of levulinic acid to ethanol of 1:5 with reaction conditions at 150 °C for 3 hours. The esterification reaction of levulinic acid revealed that the catalytic performance was influenced by the acid sites and surface area of the catalyst. In addition, volume ratio was also a major factor in enhancing the ethyl levulinate yield. |
|---|