Comparative analysis of sokal's equations versus load-pull implementation of class e low-pass network

In this paper, class E power amplifiers (PA) aimed at frequency bandwidth of 3.4 GHz to 3.6 GHz (LTE 42) and 3.6 GHz to 3.8 GHz (LTE 43) respectively are designed with objective of attaining high efficiency. The viability of Sokal’s equations for present communication systems aimed at GHz are analyz...

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Main Authors: Kirish, Boodhoo, Zubir, Farid, A. Rahim, Mohamad Kamal, Mohd. Shah, Shaharil
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science 2020
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Online Access:http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/91745/1/FaridZubir2020_ComparativeAnalysisofSokalsEquationsVersus.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/91745/
http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i3.pp1348-1357
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Institution: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
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spelling my.utm.917452021-07-28T08:42:27Z http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/91745/ Comparative analysis of sokal's equations versus load-pull implementation of class e low-pass network Kirish, Boodhoo Zubir, Farid A. Rahim, Mohamad Kamal Mohd. Shah, Shaharil TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering In this paper, class E power amplifiers (PA) aimed at frequency bandwidth of 3.4 GHz to 3.6 GHz (LTE 42) and 3.6 GHz to 3.8 GHz (LTE 43) respectively are designed with objective of attaining high efficiency. The viability of Sokal’s equations for present communication systems aimed at GHz are analyzed for high efficiency using HEMT (high-electron-mobility transistor) on Nitronex NPTB00004 as opposed to the Bipolar Junction Transistor used by Sokal in 1975. Load-pull configuration techniques aimed at the drain is implemented at the output matching network (OMN) and benchmarked against Sokal’s equation. At the OMN, to suppress harmonics, band-pass filters are employed for the LTE 42 and 43 respectively. Sokal’s equation shows that the drain must be conjugately matched before his equations are applied at the OMN. The efficiency at 3.4 GHz obtained for Sokal’s circuit is at 67 % and gain of 9.3 dB. More than 65% efficiency is obtained from load-pull network at 3.4 GHz to 3.76 GHz before filter implementation while showing gain above 7.8 dB. After filter addition at OMN, the efficiency is above 65% and gain above 8 dB for dual - band having bandwidth of 3.4389 GHz - 3.542GHz and 3.6569GHz - 3.8GHz. Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science 2020-09 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/91745/1/FaridZubir2020_ComparativeAnalysisofSokalsEquationsVersus.pdf Kirish, Boodhoo and Zubir, Farid and A. Rahim, Mohamad Kamal and Mohd. Shah, Shaharil (2020) Comparative analysis of sokal's equations versus load-pull implementation of class e low-pass network. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 19 (3). pp. 1348-1357. ISSN 2502-4752 http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i3.pp1348-1357 DOI:10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i3.pp1348-1357
institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building UTM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utm.my/
language English
topic TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
spellingShingle TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
Kirish, Boodhoo
Zubir, Farid
A. Rahim, Mohamad Kamal
Mohd. Shah, Shaharil
Comparative analysis of sokal's equations versus load-pull implementation of class e low-pass network
description In this paper, class E power amplifiers (PA) aimed at frequency bandwidth of 3.4 GHz to 3.6 GHz (LTE 42) and 3.6 GHz to 3.8 GHz (LTE 43) respectively are designed with objective of attaining high efficiency. The viability of Sokal’s equations for present communication systems aimed at GHz are analyzed for high efficiency using HEMT (high-electron-mobility transistor) on Nitronex NPTB00004 as opposed to the Bipolar Junction Transistor used by Sokal in 1975. Load-pull configuration techniques aimed at the drain is implemented at the output matching network (OMN) and benchmarked against Sokal’s equation. At the OMN, to suppress harmonics, band-pass filters are employed for the LTE 42 and 43 respectively. Sokal’s equation shows that the drain must be conjugately matched before his equations are applied at the OMN. The efficiency at 3.4 GHz obtained for Sokal’s circuit is at 67 % and gain of 9.3 dB. More than 65% efficiency is obtained from load-pull network at 3.4 GHz to 3.76 GHz before filter implementation while showing gain above 7.8 dB. After filter addition at OMN, the efficiency is above 65% and gain above 8 dB for dual - band having bandwidth of 3.4389 GHz - 3.542GHz and 3.6569GHz - 3.8GHz.
format Article
author Kirish, Boodhoo
Zubir, Farid
A. Rahim, Mohamad Kamal
Mohd. Shah, Shaharil
author_facet Kirish, Boodhoo
Zubir, Farid
A. Rahim, Mohamad Kamal
Mohd. Shah, Shaharil
author_sort Kirish, Boodhoo
title Comparative analysis of sokal's equations versus load-pull implementation of class e low-pass network
title_short Comparative analysis of sokal's equations versus load-pull implementation of class e low-pass network
title_full Comparative analysis of sokal's equations versus load-pull implementation of class e low-pass network
title_fullStr Comparative analysis of sokal's equations versus load-pull implementation of class e low-pass network
title_full_unstemmed Comparative analysis of sokal's equations versus load-pull implementation of class e low-pass network
title_sort comparative analysis of sokal's equations versus load-pull implementation of class e low-pass network
publisher Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
publishDate 2020
url http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/91745/1/FaridZubir2020_ComparativeAnalysisofSokalsEquationsVersus.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/91745/
http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i3.pp1348-1357
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