An Embedded Machine Learning-Based Spoiled Leftover Food Detection Device for Multiclass Classification

Food waste’s negative environmental repercussions are causing it to become a global concern. Several studies have examined the factors influencing food waste behaviour and management. This work was motivated by the lack of previous research on machine learning and electronic noses to detect contamin...

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Main Authors: Wan Azman,, Wan Nur Fadhlina Syamimi, Ku Azir, Ku Nurul Fazira, Mohd Khairuddin, Adam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Universiti Utara Malaysia Press 2024
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Online Access:https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/31273/1/JICT%2023%2002%202024%20253-292.pdf
https://doi.org/10.32890/jict2024.23.2.4
https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/31273/
https://e-journal.uum.edu.my/index.php/jict/article/view/23325
https://doi.org/10.32890/jict2024.23.2.4
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Institution: Universiti Utara Malaysia
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spelling my.uum.repo.312732024-08-14T06:39:33Z https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/31273/ An Embedded Machine Learning-Based Spoiled Leftover Food Detection Device for Multiclass Classification Wan Azman,, Wan Nur Fadhlina Syamimi Ku Azir, Ku Nurul Fazira Mohd Khairuddin, Adam QA Mathematics Food waste’s negative environmental repercussions are causing it to become a global concern. Several studies have examined the factors influencing food waste behaviour and management. This work was motivated by the lack of previous research on machine learning and electronic noses to detect contamination from leftover cooked food. This work proposes using machine learning algorithms and electronic nose technology to recognise and forecast the contamination in leftover cooked food. After five days of storage, the freshness of cooked leftovers was evaluated using an electronic nose combined with machine learning algorithms. Most food samples used in this work were from Malaysian’s leftover lunch and dinner dishes. Four (4) gas sensors—MQ- 2, MQ-136, MQ-137, and MQ-138—are used in developing the electronic nose to identify the presence of gas in the food sample. The data from the gas sensors was analysed using machine learning methods, namely Random Forest, k-nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine, and Linear Discriminant Analysis. Based on the results, a multi-classification technique yielded a greater accuracy rate in classifying and identifying the level of contamination in the cooked food leftovers, with average accuracy ranging from 90 percent to 100 percent. In conclusion, the work demonstrates a novel method for using machine learning algorithms to classify, identify, and predict the contamination level of leftover cooked food, contributing to reducing food waste generated primarily by Malaysians Universiti Utara Malaysia Press 2024 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en cc4_by https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/31273/1/JICT%2023%2002%202024%20253-292.pdf Wan Azman,, Wan Nur Fadhlina Syamimi and Ku Azir, Ku Nurul Fazira and Mohd Khairuddin, Adam (2024) An Embedded Machine Learning-Based Spoiled Leftover Food Detection Device for Multiclass Classification. Journal of ICT, 23 (2). pp. 253-292. ISSN 1675-414X https://e-journal.uum.edu.my/index.php/jict/article/view/23325 https://doi.org/10.32890/jict2024.23.2.4 https://doi.org/10.32890/jict2024.23.2.4
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
building UUM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Utara Malaysia
content_source UUM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://repo.uum.edu.my/
language English
topic QA Mathematics
spellingShingle QA Mathematics
Wan Azman,, Wan Nur Fadhlina Syamimi
Ku Azir, Ku Nurul Fazira
Mohd Khairuddin, Adam
An Embedded Machine Learning-Based Spoiled Leftover Food Detection Device for Multiclass Classification
description Food waste’s negative environmental repercussions are causing it to become a global concern. Several studies have examined the factors influencing food waste behaviour and management. This work was motivated by the lack of previous research on machine learning and electronic noses to detect contamination from leftover cooked food. This work proposes using machine learning algorithms and electronic nose technology to recognise and forecast the contamination in leftover cooked food. After five days of storage, the freshness of cooked leftovers was evaluated using an electronic nose combined with machine learning algorithms. Most food samples used in this work were from Malaysian’s leftover lunch and dinner dishes. Four (4) gas sensors—MQ- 2, MQ-136, MQ-137, and MQ-138—are used in developing the electronic nose to identify the presence of gas in the food sample. The data from the gas sensors was analysed using machine learning methods, namely Random Forest, k-nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine, and Linear Discriminant Analysis. Based on the results, a multi-classification technique yielded a greater accuracy rate in classifying and identifying the level of contamination in the cooked food leftovers, with average accuracy ranging from 90 percent to 100 percent. In conclusion, the work demonstrates a novel method for using machine learning algorithms to classify, identify, and predict the contamination level of leftover cooked food, contributing to reducing food waste generated primarily by Malaysians
format Article
author Wan Azman,, Wan Nur Fadhlina Syamimi
Ku Azir, Ku Nurul Fazira
Mohd Khairuddin, Adam
author_facet Wan Azman,, Wan Nur Fadhlina Syamimi
Ku Azir, Ku Nurul Fazira
Mohd Khairuddin, Adam
author_sort Wan Azman,, Wan Nur Fadhlina Syamimi
title An Embedded Machine Learning-Based Spoiled Leftover Food Detection Device for Multiclass Classification
title_short An Embedded Machine Learning-Based Spoiled Leftover Food Detection Device for Multiclass Classification
title_full An Embedded Machine Learning-Based Spoiled Leftover Food Detection Device for Multiclass Classification
title_fullStr An Embedded Machine Learning-Based Spoiled Leftover Food Detection Device for Multiclass Classification
title_full_unstemmed An Embedded Machine Learning-Based Spoiled Leftover Food Detection Device for Multiclass Classification
title_sort embedded machine learning-based spoiled leftover food detection device for multiclass classification
publisher Universiti Utara Malaysia Press
publishDate 2024
url https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/31273/1/JICT%2023%2002%202024%20253-292.pdf
https://doi.org/10.32890/jict2024.23.2.4
https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/31273/
https://e-journal.uum.edu.my/index.php/jict/article/view/23325
https://doi.org/10.32890/jict2024.23.2.4
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