Một số vấn đề về dân số với phát triển các dân tộc thiểu số và Miền núi Việt Nam
General overview and development of the population since 1960: According to the population censuses in 1960 and 1974 in the North of Vietnam, the annual average population growth in the North was 2.8%, of which the growth rate of the Kinh people was 2.6% while that of other ethnic groups was at t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | Vietnamese |
| Published: |
Nhà xuất bản nông nghiệp
2016
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://repository.vnu.edu.vn/handle/VNU_123/10159 |
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| Institution: | Vietnam National University, Hanoi |
| Language: | Vietnamese |
| Summary: | General overview and development of the population since 1960: According to the
population censuses in 1960 and 1974 in the North of Vietnam, the annual average population
growth in the North was 2.8%, of which the growth rate of the Kinh people was 2.6% while that of
other ethnic groups was at the high level of 2.9% - 4% and over. After that, the results of the
national population censuses in 1979 and 1989 showed that the annual average population
growth was 2.1%, with the growth rate of Kinh people being 2%, and 2.4%-3.5% and over for
other ethnic minorities. According to the latest national population census (1 April 1999), the
average population growth rate in the 10 years of 1990-1999 has been reduced to 1.7% per year.
The growth rate of the Kinh people was 1.6%, but the population of other ethnic groups still grew
at a high level of approximately 2.5%. There were even ethnic groups with very high growth rates
such as H'mong, Ha Nhi: 3.4%, Sila: 3.5%, Cho ro, Pa Then: 4.1%, Ro nam: 4.4% and so forth.
On the contrary, the population of some ethnic groups like Gie Rieng just grew at 1.2% and
Khome, at 1.6%. Obviously, family planning programs have had significant impacts on the Kinh
people, but have achieved only limited results with ethnic minorities, especially those living in
remote and distant highland areas.
Certain different demographic - ethnographic indicators have indicated a large gap in the
social developing standard among ethnic groups as well as regions. For instance, the raw birth
rate of the 2 largest plains is only about 15%o, but reaches 30%o in Northern uplands and Central
Highland, even 38.56%o in places like Lai Chau. Closely related to the raw birth rate is the
average number of children per mother, which was 2.33 in 1990s (national average) for a woman
in the age of 15-49, and only 1.6 children per woman in some plain areas. Meanwhile, in upland
and ethnic group areas, the average number of children per mother was 3-5 or even higher, being
5.04 in Kontum and 5.07 in Lai Chau.
Too fast population growth (both natural and mechanic) in upland and ethnic group areas
have had adverse effects on various aspects of the local conditions. The reproductive health of
mothers and newborn babies is poor (high maternal and mortality rates in Central Highland and
North-West, etc.); the annual average income per capita is low; common health care capacity is
weak; children under 14 years of age account for a high percentage in the population structure
(about 40%, even 50% with the H'Mong group); the percentage of old people over 65 years of
age is only about 2-3% while the national average was 5.75%; the life expectancy of people in
these areas is about 10 years shorter than that of Kinh people ( 58-60 compared to 68-70); the
education level is low and people's knowledge is underdeveloped (14 upland provinces were at
the bottom of the HDI scale regarding this indicator); social evils have developed even stronger.
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All the above elements have influenced seriously forest-land-water resources and the ecology
and environment. |
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