Factor k: A response to the gap in Enriquez' kapwa theory

• Main Authors: Hizon, Christine F., Panelo, Fabienne Renee V., Ong, Kyla Marie SSK, Arellano, Angelica Claire H.
• Format: text
• Language: English
• Published: Animo Repository 2016
• Subjects: Values > Philippines; Personality > Philippines; Enriquez, Virgilio
• Online Access: https://animorepository.dlsu.edu.ph/etd_bachelors/8601
• Institution: De La Salle University

As a forerunner of Sikolohiyang Pilipino, Virgilio Enriquez' theoretical and structural framework of the Filipino values and emphasis on a core value kapwa have been a primary fuel in the developments of the conceptualization of Filipino values. However, it has been subjected to criticism, due to its lack of empirical foundation and elaboration in its content and methodology. Thus, the objective of this study is to provide a response to this gap by (a) determining if there is a Factor k, meaning kapwa is the core value, (b) verifying if Enriquez' structure of values exists and (c) justifying discriminant validity with personality traits through the use of confirmatory and explanatory factor analysis. The measures of the values and traits were determined through existing and constructed Filipino scales. Findings have shown that (a) there is a Factor k, a core value of Kapwa, for all the Filipino values loaded under it but with reservations to one value, since pakikibaka turned out to be insignificant and deviated in some models, (b) a structure of values based on Enriquez' theory partially exists, specifically on the category of surface values and (c) the discriminant variables, extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness did not load together with the Filipino values in Factor 1 showing that traits and values can probably be distinct. Implications of this study include its contributions to the development of a factor analytic study to verify Enriquez' theory and to gain new insights and knowledge in the aspect of Filipino values.