Predicting undernutrition among elementary schoolchildren in the Philippines using machine learning algorithms

Objectives This study aimed to compare the accuracy of four machine-learning (ML) algorithms, using two classification schemes, to predict undernutrition based on individual and household risk factors. Methods Data on public-school children were collected from a rural province (310 children) and a...

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Main Authors: Siy Van, Vanessa T, Antonio, Victor A, Siguin, Carmina P, Gordoncillo, Normahitta P., Sescon, Joselito T., Go, Clark C, Miro, Eden Delight
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Published: Archīum Ateneo 2022
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Online Access:https://archium.ateneo.edu/mathematics-faculty-pubs/213
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2021.111571
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spelling ph-ateneo-arc.mathematics-faculty-pubs-12142022-11-22T08:10:42Z Predicting undernutrition among elementary schoolchildren in the Philippines using machine learning algorithms Siy Van, Vanessa T Antonio, Victor A Siguin, Carmina P Gordoncillo, Normahitta P. Sescon, Joselito T. Go, Clark C Miro, Eden Delight Objectives This study aimed to compare the accuracy of four machine-learning (ML) algorithms, using two classification schemes, to predict undernutrition based on individual and household risk factors. Methods Data on public-school children were collected from a rural province (310 children) and a highly urbanized city (308 children) in the Philippines using 24-h dietary recalls and a household socioeconomic and demographic survey. Children's nutritional risk was classified based on acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDRs) developed by the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) and Philippine Dietary Reference Intakes (PDRIs). Four algorithms (random forest, support-vector machine, linear discriminant analysis, and logistic regression) predicted undernutrition in the sample, and their accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were compared. Predictions were also compared with the national school feeding program's anthropometric classifications. Results The prevalence of undernutrition was greater under NAM AMDRs (82.67%) compared with PDRI AMDRs (78.71%). Random forest was the most accurate ML algorithm (78.55%), able to predict undernutrition based on household expenditures, child and household age, food insecurity, and dietary diversity. Compared with anthropometric classification (213 children), AMDRs classified more children as at risk for inadequate dietary intake (477 children). Conclusions The random forest algorithm performed best in predicting undernutrition among Filipino elementary schoolchildren, although results could be improved with bootstrap aggregation. The AMDR classification shows potential for targeting feeding beneficiaries. However, local dietary culture should be considered in the development of nutrition interventions. Government use of big-data techniques such as ML must also address underrepresentation in health data collected from and accessible to poor populations or risk further marginalizing them. 2022-01-01T08:00:00Z text https://archium.ateneo.edu/mathematics-faculty-pubs/213 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2021.111571 Mathematics Faculty Publications Archīum Ateneo Nutrition Machine learning Philippines Random forest Prediction Energy Classification Mathematics Medicine and Health Sciences
institution Ateneo De Manila University
building Ateneo De Manila University Library
continent Asia
country Philippines
Philippines
content_provider Ateneo De Manila University Library
collection archium.Ateneo Institutional Repository
topic Nutrition
Machine learning
Philippines
Random forest
Prediction
Energy
Classification
Mathematics
Medicine and Health Sciences
spellingShingle Nutrition
Machine learning
Philippines
Random forest
Prediction
Energy
Classification
Mathematics
Medicine and Health Sciences
Siy Van, Vanessa T
Antonio, Victor A
Siguin, Carmina P
Gordoncillo, Normahitta P.
Sescon, Joselito T.
Go, Clark C
Miro, Eden Delight
Predicting undernutrition among elementary schoolchildren in the Philippines using machine learning algorithms
description Objectives This study aimed to compare the accuracy of four machine-learning (ML) algorithms, using two classification schemes, to predict undernutrition based on individual and household risk factors. Methods Data on public-school children were collected from a rural province (310 children) and a highly urbanized city (308 children) in the Philippines using 24-h dietary recalls and a household socioeconomic and demographic survey. Children's nutritional risk was classified based on acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDRs) developed by the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) and Philippine Dietary Reference Intakes (PDRIs). Four algorithms (random forest, support-vector machine, linear discriminant analysis, and logistic regression) predicted undernutrition in the sample, and their accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were compared. Predictions were also compared with the national school feeding program's anthropometric classifications. Results The prevalence of undernutrition was greater under NAM AMDRs (82.67%) compared with PDRI AMDRs (78.71%). Random forest was the most accurate ML algorithm (78.55%), able to predict undernutrition based on household expenditures, child and household age, food insecurity, and dietary diversity. Compared with anthropometric classification (213 children), AMDRs classified more children as at risk for inadequate dietary intake (477 children). Conclusions The random forest algorithm performed best in predicting undernutrition among Filipino elementary schoolchildren, although results could be improved with bootstrap aggregation. The AMDR classification shows potential for targeting feeding beneficiaries. However, local dietary culture should be considered in the development of nutrition interventions. Government use of big-data techniques such as ML must also address underrepresentation in health data collected from and accessible to poor populations or risk further marginalizing them.
format text
author Siy Van, Vanessa T
Antonio, Victor A
Siguin, Carmina P
Gordoncillo, Normahitta P.
Sescon, Joselito T.
Go, Clark C
Miro, Eden Delight
author_facet Siy Van, Vanessa T
Antonio, Victor A
Siguin, Carmina P
Gordoncillo, Normahitta P.
Sescon, Joselito T.
Go, Clark C
Miro, Eden Delight
author_sort Siy Van, Vanessa T
title Predicting undernutrition among elementary schoolchildren in the Philippines using machine learning algorithms
title_short Predicting undernutrition among elementary schoolchildren in the Philippines using machine learning algorithms
title_full Predicting undernutrition among elementary schoolchildren in the Philippines using machine learning algorithms
title_fullStr Predicting undernutrition among elementary schoolchildren in the Philippines using machine learning algorithms
title_full_unstemmed Predicting undernutrition among elementary schoolchildren in the Philippines using machine learning algorithms
title_sort predicting undernutrition among elementary schoolchildren in the philippines using machine learning algorithms
publisher Archīum Ateneo
publishDate 2022
url https://archium.ateneo.edu/mathematics-faculty-pubs/213
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2021.111571
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