The Gray Zone of Irregular Forces: Politically Sanctioned, Local Defense, and Organized Crime Groups in the Philippines

• Main Author: Oreta, Jennifer Santiago
• Format: text
• Published: Archīum Ateneo 2022
• Subjects: Defense and Security Studies; Peace and Conflict Studies; Political Science; Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration; Social and Behavioral Sciences
• Online Access: https://archium.ateneo.edu/polsci-faculty-pubs/44; https://archium.ateneo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1043&context=polsci-faculty-pubs
• Institution: Ateneo De Manila University

The persistent presence of armed groups in local communities is largely due to ineffective community security management, weak rule of law, and the constant shift in peace and security policy guidelines. Compounding the problem is the limited capacity of local government units and the lack of strong...