Toponymic Persistence: The Proto-Indo-European *kar- Root in the Pre-Latin Ligurian Context*
This paper provides a survey on the proto-Indo-European root *kar-/ *kal- ‘stone, rock’ and on the related European prehistoric toponymy following a new convergent approach. The stem *kar- is considered as a presumably pre-Indo-European root transferred (after the possible arrival of the Indo-Europ...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2016
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/107323 http://hdl.handle.net/10220/40586 http://www.actalinguistica.com/journal/index.php/al/article/view/64 |
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| Institution: | Nanyang Technological University |
| Language: | English |
| Summary: | This paper provides a survey on the proto-Indo-European root *kar-/ *kal- ‘stone, rock’ and on the related European prehistoric toponymy following a new convergent approach. The stem *kar- is considered as a presumably pre-Indo-European root transferred (after the possible arrival of
the Indo-Europeans to the European territories) into the linguistic system of proto-Indo-European through a process of re-use and re-functionalization of roots and (loan-)words due to linguistic contact. Phonetically adapted to the (proto-)Indo-European standards, the root *kar- shows, at least in the Ligurian area, a variant *kal- (not an independent stem, but an alternative form) involved
in the formation of a number of words and place names linked to the notions of ‘rock’ and ‘stone’ (in particular, ‘friable, calcareous rock eroded by water’). The paper tries, moreover, to highlight a particular morphologic phenomenon of reduplication of the root *kar- (although the reduplication is
not widely productive in Indo-European) in the Italian (Ligurian) place name Carcare (< Carcaris). |
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