Synthesis of cobalt sulfide multi-shelled nanoboxes with precisely controlled two to five shells for sodium-ion batteries

• Main Authors: Wang, Xiao, Chen, Ye, Fang, Yongjin, Zhang, Jintao, Gao, Shuyan, Lou, David Xiong Wen
• Other Authors: School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: 2020
• Subjects: Engineering::Chemical engineering; Cobalt Sulfide; Ion-exchange Reaction
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/138599
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

We report the synthesis of cobalt sulfide multi-shelled nanoboxes through metal–organic framework (MOF)-based complex anion conversion and exchange processes.Thepolyvanadate ions react with cobalt-based zeolitic imidazolateframework-67 (ZIF-67) nanocubes to form ZIF-67/cobaltpolyvanadate yolk-shelled particles.The as-formed yolk-shelled particles are gradually converted into cobalt divanadatemulti-shelled nanoboxes by solvothermal treatment. Thenumber of shells can be easily controlled from 2to5byvarying the temperature.Finally,cobalt sulfide multi-shellednanoboxes are produced through ion-exchange with S2@ionsand subsequent annealing. The as-obtained cobalt sulfidemulti-shelled nanoboxes exhibit enhanced sodium-storageproperties when evaluated as anodes for sodium-ion batteries.Forexample,ahigh specific capacity of 438 mAhg@1can beretained after 100 cycles at the current density of 500 mAg@1.