北京口语三个参与者事件结构 ：基于信息结构的研究 = The structures expressing three-participant events in Beijing spoken language : an information-structure-based study

• Main Author: 齐菲 Qi, Fei
• Other Authors: Lin Jingxia
• Format: Thesis-Doctor of Philosophy
• Language: Chinese
• Published: Nanyang Technological University 2020
• Subjects: Humanities::Language
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/143539
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

本文以“信息结构”为理论背景考察了动词“给、送、租、发、问”在北京口语语料查询系统中所形成的三个参与者事件结构。本文首先探究了动词所在子句的优势论元结构，分析了这些语法形式中论元的形式及信息状态，发现双及物子句以出现一个或两个非零形式论元为主。其次本文考察了三个参与者事件结构的配置类型，发现与事和客体都没有格标记，在自然口语中二者经常出现在动词两侧，在句法结构中也具有一致的表现，因此认为这些事件结构不能仅凭形态句法从类型学配置类型（alignment types）角度作分类。最后本文研究了这些事件结构中与事和客体出现的语序，发现我们可根据论元和所在子句的语用关系对与事和客体的相互语序做出统一的解释。 本文的主要贡献有五点：第一，发现“信息结构”理论能对北京口语中三个参与者事件结构形式做统一的解释；第二，分析了实际的口语，根据事件结构寻找语法表现形式，打破了传统对双及物结构研究的局限；第三，从双及物子句角度丰富了优势论元结构这一趋势；第四，修正了只根据几种语法形式对整个三个参与者事件结构分类的观点；第五，为口语语序的探讨提供了新的思考角度。 Based on the theory of information structure, this thesis investigates the three-participant events expressed by the speakers of the Beijing Vernacular Database (BJKY) by focusing on the verbs gei ‘give’, song ‘send’, zu ‘rent’, fa ‘send’ and wen ‘ask’. Firstly, it analyses the Preferred Argument Structure of the clause, and the form and information status of the arguments in these grammatical forms. It is found that ditransitive clauses are predominantly composed of one or two non-zero arguments. Secondly, it examines the morphosyntactic alignment types manifested by the three-participant events, and finds that there is no case marker on the Theme or Recipient, and the two arguments can both appear on either side of the verb, and their performance in the syntactic structures is not different. It can be concluded that these grammatical forms cannot be categorized from the perspective of alignment. Finally, it studies the word order of the Theme and Recipient in these grammatical forms, and finds that the theory of information structure can explain their relative order in a unified way. This study has five major contributions. Firstly, it finds that Information Structure can give a unified explanation to the three-participant events in Beijing Spoken Language. Secondly, it analyses the spoken language, identifying the grammatical forms according to the event structure, shows the facts of the language by a bottom-up method, and breaks with the tradition of studying only a limited number of constructions. Thirdly, it enriches the data on Preferred Argument Structure with the perspective of the ditransitive clause. Fourthly, it challenges the existing view that the grammatical forms of three-participant events can be classified according to several grammatical forms. Fifthly, it provides a new approach to the discussion of word order in spoken language.