约莫是华人 : “华侨”与海外华人的边缘化 = Chinese, but not quite : huaqiao and the marginalization of the overseas Chinese

• Main Author: 王纯强 Ong, Soon Keong
• Other Authors: School of Humanities
• Format: Article
• Language: Chinese
• Published: 2021
• Subjects: Humanities::Language::Chinese; 华侨 Huaqiao; 移民与中国的关系 China-overseas Chinese Relations
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/146499
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

本文重思了从晚清到二战期间，中国政治和民间记录中关于海外华人的论述。相较于时下流行的观点，即相信中国民族主义者所成功宣称的海外华人被重新动员并纳入了中国，本文更倾向于认为域外的中国民族主义并不强调这种包容，而是建立在将之分离为一个次民族团体，特别是当这个团体被冠以“华侨”或旅居者的名称之后。本研究从中国政治活动家们对散居者关注的最重要原因 —— 寻求他们对中国国家建设的帮助 —— 着手，论证他们赋予华侨某种优良的品格只因由此可以拉近华侨与中国的关系。而事实却是，对移民的偏见始终存在，中国人仍将华侨视为粗野、落后的，甚至是已经失去了“华人性”的。This article reflects on the representations of overseas Chinese in Chinese political and popular discourses from the late Qing to World War II. It argues that contrary to prevalent views, which credit the success of the Chinese nationalist discourse in mobilizing the overseas Chinese to their re-incorporation into the Chinese nation, extraterritorial Chinese nationalism depended not so much on the rhetoric of inclusion, but rather on the separation of the overseas Chinese as a subethnic group, particularly after they were “rebranded” as huaqiao, or Chinese sojourners. This analysis begins by looking at the key reasons for Chinese political activists’ newfound interest in the diasporas — in soliciting huaqiao contributions to China’s state-building projects — and argues that they imbued huaqiao with certain positive qualities only insofar as these made them relevant to China. The truth is, prejudices against the emigrants have persisted and Chinese within China continue to view huaqiao as uncouth, uncultured, and even “unChinese.”