从语义地图看《左传》中的“以”= Analyzing Zuo Zhuan’s “Yi” through semantic map

• Main Author: 王毓淑 Ong, Yee Soo
• Other Authors: Phua Chiew Pheng
• Format: Final Year Project
• Language: Chinese
• Published: 2009
• Subjects: DRNTU::Humanities::Linguistics; DRNTU::Humanities::Language::Chinese
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10356/15015
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

“以”是上古汉语的重要虚词。本文将以《左传》为中心，着重讨论“以”的各项功能，并试图理清一些与“以”有关的争议。虚词词典一般将“以”的各项功能大致总结为介词与连词。根据这一认识，我们仍无法看出介词与连词中的各项功能是否有联系。当今学者对“以”的功能探讨仅限于少数，终究无法断定这是一个同音还是多义的现象。本文将试图运用类型学中的一个新概念，即语义地图，为上古汉语的“以”的各项功能归类并建立一个立体架构，窥探它们之间的关联，并从而证明“以”是个多义而非同音字。本文在归类后发现前人对“以”的理解大体上是对的，但却曝露了一直以来难以克服的两个问题：1. 从语义地图中，我们可看出“以”在上古汉语中的“使役”功能可有可无。这恰恰反映了历代学者们所关注的争议议题，即“以”是否有“使役”功能。2. 我们从语义地图中看到“以”在 “处置——受益者——原因”的这条脉络中被打断，形成了一个断链现象，有反语义地图不可断链的原则。目前为止，未有人提出“以”有“受益者”功能。这就引起了“以”在上古汉语中是否有“受益者”功能的讨论。这是前人所未涉及的一个议题。本文将试图掀开这个议题的探讨。“Yi” is an important functional word in Archaic Chinese. This thesis will focus on “Zuo Zhuan” as the main material and discuss the various functions of “yi”, while at the same time clarify some issues involved. Functional words dictionaries usually classify “yi’s” meanings into two broad categories, namely preposition and conjunction. However, given this information, we are still unable to see if there is a connection between the various functions of “yi”. Furthermore, research with respect to “yi’s” functions is still rather limited up to date. With these limited researches, we still cannot determine whether these different meanings of “yi” portray a homophony or a polysemy phenomenon. This thesis will try to use a new concept in typology—Semantic Map, to solve this problem, and aim to organize the various functions of “yi” into a 3-dimensional structure, providing a structured framework of the links between the different functions. This will in turn provide strong evidence to prove whether “yi” is a homonym or a polysemous word.