《中原音韵•正语作词起例》：中的最小对立 = The “Minimal Pair” of Zhongyuan Yinyun Zhengyu Zuoci Qili

• Main Author: 杨天惠 Ngiew, Tian Hui
• Other Authors: Phua Chiew Pheng
• Format: Final Year Project
• Language: Chinese
• Published: 2009
• Subjects: DRNTU::Humanities::Linguistics::Phonology
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10356/15038
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

前贤的研究虽已让我们对《中原音韵》有了深刻的了解，但其中的一些构拟仍存在讨论的余地。像江阳韵的庄组字和桓欢韵的构拟就存在着分歧。由于以往在处理《中原音韵》音系的构拟时，大家都采用《韵谱》，另外也参考了《蒙古字韵》。基于此，若要根据同样的材料来解答上述问题，或许不容易，因此本文希望通过考察《起例》241 组的语音对比以期对上述问题作出解答。丁邦新曾指出这些辨似例子构成最小对立，我们认为倘若每对例子都符合这一说法，便可凭借这一内部证据来重新检讨十九韵部的拟音。丁先生虽认为这些例子构成最小对立，但也承认这里头会因一些原因而产生例外，可宁继福和冯蒸却深信《起例》毫无例外。由于学者们的看法不一，因此就有重新探讨的必要。尤其考虑到导致这种分歧的原因也包括版本的问题，为此，本文先参考了各版本的《起例》，然后再依据下列的原则来讨论辨似例子的拟音：• 比较各组辨似例子的中古地位尤其以声母及等呼为重；• 结合辨似例子在《韵谱》中的地位并进一步确定例字的拟音；• 同一韵部中的拟音必须符合押韵原则,并且也能解释从中古到现代的发展。我们的结论是《起例》的例子都体现最小对立，据此，我们进而提出以下的推论：• 江阳韵的庄组字无-u-介音；• 桓欢韵的构拟应有-u-介音。 Linguistic studies on the rhyme book Zhongyuan Yinyun（中原音韵）has given us a good understanding about it. However, it is necessary for us to review the phonological system of Zhongyuan Yinyun since the reconstructions of Huanhuan（桓欢）rhyme and zhuang-group（庄组）of Jiangyang（江阳）rhyme are controversial. In addition, a large number of researchers have made use of Yunpu（韵谱）and Menggu Ziyun（蒙古字韵）as the proof of their reconstructions; therefore, it might not be easy for us to have the new reconstructions by using the same materials. Hence, in this research, we will refer to the 241 groups of sound contrasts in Zhengyu Zuoci Qili（正语作词起例）instead of Yunpu and Menggu Ziyun. According to Ting Pang-hsin, the 241 groups of sound contrasts of Qili（起例）constitute minimal pairs. We believe that if each of the sound contrast of Qili is consistent with Prof. Ting’s statement, then it can be used as internal evidence to review the reconstructions of the 19 rhyme groups in Zhongyuan Yinyun. Although Prof. Ting considers those sound contrasts constitute minimal pairs, he admits that there will be exceptions due to some reasons. However, Ning Ji-Fu and Feng Zheng are convinced that all sound contrasts are minimal pairs. On the other hand, besides the different views of the scholars, we believe that the different version of Qili is also one of the reasons which have led to the divergence of views. Therefore, in this paper, we will proof-read different versions of Qili and follow the methods below to review the phonological system of Zhongyuan Yinyun: Compare the initial, deng（等） and hu（呼）of the sound contrasts with our knowledge of Middle Chinese; Find out the status of the sound contrasts in Yunpu to make sure that the reconstructions we made are able to explain the phonological system of Zhongyuan Yinyun; All the reconstructions in a same rhyme group should fulfill the requirement of rhyming and also can be used to explain the phonetic change between medieval and modern Chinese. As a result, the sound contrasts of Qili constitute minimal pairs. Therefore, we can further point out that: There is no medial -u- for the reconstruction of zhuang-group in Jiangyang rhyme; There should be a medial -u- for the reconstruction of Huanhuan rhyme.