Structural design optimization for sustainable development

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the leading greenhouse gases causing global warming. Statistics show that buildings and construction are responsible for approximately 40% of these carbon emissions. The two main components of carbon emissions are Operational Carbon (OC) and Embodied Carbon (EC). Growt...

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Main Author: Than Htike Aung
Other Authors: Teoh Bak Koon
Format: Final Year Project
Language:English
Published: Nanyang Technological University 2021
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Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10356/153707
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Institution: Nanyang Technological University
Language: English
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spelling sg-ntu-dr.10356-1537072021-12-10T05:19:54Z Structural design optimization for sustainable development Than Htike Aung Teoh Bak Koon School of Civil and Environmental Engineering bakkoon.teoh@ntu.edu.sg Engineering::Civil engineering Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the leading greenhouse gases causing global warming. Statistics show that buildings and construction are responsible for approximately 40% of these carbon emissions. The two main components of carbon emissions are Operational Carbon (OC) and Embodied Carbon (EC). Growth in the renewable energy sector mitigates OC’s effect, increasing the significance of EC as a result. This paper highlights the importance of meaningful comparison between the two structural materials, reinforced concrete and steel, to determine which material has less EC in its overall structural system. If kgCO2 per unit volume or kgCO2 per unit weight were used to compare, reinforced concrete would indeed be the material with significantly smaller EC. However, the structural performance of 1kg or 1m3 of reinforced concrete versus 1kg or 1m3 of steel is entirely different. Therefore, a parameter called Utilization Ratio (UR) was used in this study to fairly compare the EC without letting material properties influence the results. UR is the extent to which a member is utilized, so a UR of 1 would indicate that a member is fully utilized. Finally, it is concluded that designing the structural framing analyzed in this study with steel beams would give the lowest amount of EC and whether or not to use steel or reinforced concrete for column is dependent on the height of the buildings. Future works were also recommended to study other parts of a building, such as slabs and walls. Bachelor of Engineering (Civil) 2021-12-10T05:19:54Z 2021-12-10T05:19:54Z 2021 Final Year Project (FYP) Than Htike Aung (2021). Structural design optimization for sustainable development. Final Year Project (FYP), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. https://hdl.handle.net/10356/153707 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/153707 en application/pdf Nanyang Technological University
institution Nanyang Technological University
building NTU Library
continent Asia
country Singapore
Singapore
content_provider NTU Library
collection DR-NTU
language English
topic Engineering::Civil engineering
spellingShingle Engineering::Civil engineering
Than Htike Aung
Structural design optimization for sustainable development
description Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the leading greenhouse gases causing global warming. Statistics show that buildings and construction are responsible for approximately 40% of these carbon emissions. The two main components of carbon emissions are Operational Carbon (OC) and Embodied Carbon (EC). Growth in the renewable energy sector mitigates OC’s effect, increasing the significance of EC as a result. This paper highlights the importance of meaningful comparison between the two structural materials, reinforced concrete and steel, to determine which material has less EC in its overall structural system. If kgCO2 per unit volume or kgCO2 per unit weight were used to compare, reinforced concrete would indeed be the material with significantly smaller EC. However, the structural performance of 1kg or 1m3 of reinforced concrete versus 1kg or 1m3 of steel is entirely different. Therefore, a parameter called Utilization Ratio (UR) was used in this study to fairly compare the EC without letting material properties influence the results. UR is the extent to which a member is utilized, so a UR of 1 would indicate that a member is fully utilized. Finally, it is concluded that designing the structural framing analyzed in this study with steel beams would give the lowest amount of EC and whether or not to use steel or reinforced concrete for column is dependent on the height of the buildings. Future works were also recommended to study other parts of a building, such as slabs and walls.
author2 Teoh Bak Koon
author_facet Teoh Bak Koon
Than Htike Aung
format Final Year Project
author Than Htike Aung
author_sort Than Htike Aung
title Structural design optimization for sustainable development
title_short Structural design optimization for sustainable development
title_full Structural design optimization for sustainable development
title_fullStr Structural design optimization for sustainable development
title_full_unstemmed Structural design optimization for sustainable development
title_sort structural design optimization for sustainable development
publisher Nanyang Technological University
publishDate 2021
url https://hdl.handle.net/10356/153707
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