生的不定与死的自由 ：论《活着》与《挪威的森林》的存在主义特质 = The randomness in life and freedom in death : a study on existentialism in “To Live” and “Norwegian Woods”

• Main Author: 施帅君 Shi, ShuaiJun
• Other Authors: Chang Yuan
• Format: Final Year Project
• Language: Chinese
• Published: Nanyang Technological University 2022
• Subjects: Humanities::Language::Chinese
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/155714
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

在余华的《活着》一书中，命运与生死交织于生活化的笔调之中。故事以主人公身边 一连串至亲的死亡，直面地流露出爱、命运、生与死的纠葛。书中以跌宕的命运贯穿 了福贵平凡的一生，又以生死贯穿整段坎坷不公的命运，最终一步步完成自我的追 寻。故事利用插叙的手法真实地刻画了人性面对死亡时的态度与情感，衬托出生与死 的不同意义，反映了向死而生的主题。《挪威的森林》是村上春树追寻自我的一部作 品。全文以一种平淡又唯美的基调，以第一人称视角刻画了当代许多年轻人的心理及 精神状态。文中通过一系列的救赎与逃离，反映了生者与死者的相互关联与影响。故 事中发生的一连串的死亡不是终结，而是生的延续。爱贯穿于生死之间，让死亡作为 生的一部分永存。生死既是命运，也是人自由的选择。本文将以《活着》与《挪威的 森林》为例，从存在主义的“存在先于本质”、“人即自由”、“向死而生”等理论探讨生与 死的意义、命运对于个人生死观的影响，以及生与死的相互关联与影响。 关键词:存在主义;死亡的认识;生与死的意义;命运与生死;生死间的互相联系与 影响 In Yu Hua's book “To Live”, fate, life and death are intertwined in a life-oriented writing style. The story directly reveals the entanglement of love, fate, life and death through a series of deaths of the people around the protagonist. The book runs through Fu Gui's ordinary life with ups and downs, let life and death run through the whole rough and unfair fate, and finally completes the process of self-pursuit. The story uses the technique of interlude to truly depict the attitude and emotion of human nature when facing death, set off the different meanings of birth and death, and reflect the theme of living towards death. “Norwegian Forest” is a work by Haruki Murakami in pursuit of himself. The full text depicts the psychology and mental state of many contemporary young people from a first-person perspective in a plain and beautiful tone. Through a series of redemption and escape, the article reflects the interconnectedness and influence of the living and the dead. The series of deaths that take place in the story is not the end, but the continuation of life. Love runs through life and death, perpetuating death as a part of life. Life and death both depends on fate, and on the other hand always being a free choice of man. This article will take "To Live" and "Norwegian Woods" as examples to discuss the meaning of life and death, and the impact of fate on individuals from the existential theories such as "existence precedes essence", "man is freedom", and "living to death". The influence of the concept of life and death, and the interrelationship and influence of life and death. Keywords: Existentialism, Understanding Death, The Meaning of Life and Death, Fate, Life and Death, Interrelationship and Influence between Life and Death