憂生之嗟 ：魏晉士人的生命意識再探——以王羲之及其尺牘為探討中心 = Sigh of worrying life: reinterpretation of life consciousness of literati in Wei and Jin dynasties with a focus on Wang Xizhi and his correspondence

• Main Author: 黄晓芊 Huang, Xiaoqian
• Other Authors: Qu Jingyi
• Format: Thesis-Master by Research
• Language: Chinese
• Published: Nanyang Technological University 2022
• Subjects: Humanities::Literature::Chinese
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/159970
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

生命意識是貫穿人類發展的古老而深刻的精神主題，個人生命意識的形成既受宏觀社會文化背景的影響，亦因個人際遇而變遷，並在文學作品中生發出豐富的生命書寫。魏晉時期，生命意識成為士人思想與文學作品的重要主題，其中以尺牘為代表的應用文與王羲之為代表的魏晉士人的生命意識尚有可以探討的空間。本文以王羲之及其尺牘為中心，再探魏晉士人的生命意識。本文先從王羲之生平及其生命意識形成切入，對其生命意識形成的生平背景進行細緻探討，以檢視其生命意識的多重主題。在此基礎上，進一步探討王羲之尺牘中的生命意識。尺牘作為應用性文體在魏晉時得到長足發展，王羲之的尺牘數量最多並具代表性，其文學與思想價值卻易被遮蔽。本文透過對其尺牘的細讀，解讀王羲之強烈的“憂生之嗟”。并由點帶面，將王羲之及其尺牘置於魏晉士人生命自覺的發展，透過與曹植、嵇康、孫綽三人的比較，以考察異同。最後追本溯源，以理性與非理性兩條脈絡回顧魏晉士人生命自覺形成的思想淵源，解讀王羲之為代表的魏晉士人生命意識的形成受多元思想的影響。 關鍵詞：魏晉士人，生命意識，王羲之，尺牘 Life consciousness is an ancient and profound spiritual theme that runs through the development of the humanities. The formation of an individual’s life consciousness is influenced by the wider social and cultural context, and also changes according to personal circumstances, giving rise to a rich writing on life in literary works. During Wei and Jin dynasties (3rd-5th centuries), life consciousness became an important theme in the thought and literary works of the literati, of which there is still room to explore the life consciousness in the applied writing represented by correspondence and the literati represented by Wang Xizhi (303-361) in Wei and Jin dynasties. Therefore, this thesis focuses on Wang Xizhi and his correspondence, and reinterprets the life consciousness of the scholars of the Wei and Jin dynasties with this focus. The topic begins with Wang Xizhi’s life and the formation of his life consciousness, and explores in detail the biographical background of the formation of his life consciousness in order to observe the multiple themes in his life consciousness. On this basis, it further explores the life consciousness in Wang Xizhi’s correspondence. As an applied genre that developed considerably during the Wei and Jin dynasties, the correspondence’s literary and ideological value is easily overshadowed. Wang Xizhi's correspondence are the most numerous and representative in this genre of Wei and Jin dynasties. Therefore, this topic makes detailed interpretation of Wang Xizhi’s “Sigh of Worrying Life” in his correspondence through a close reading. It then proceeds to place Wang Xizhi and his correspondence in the context of the development of the life consciousness of literati in Wei and Jin dynasties, comparing Wang Xizhi with Cao Zhi, Ji Kang and Sun Chuo, in order to see the similarities and differences. Finally, it traces the origins of the ideological formation of literati’s life consciousness in Wei and Jin dynasties, using rational and irrational two lines. It focuses on the influence of pluralistic thought on the formation of the life consciousness of literati in Wei and Jin dynasties, represented by Wang Xizhi. Key Words: Literati in Wei and Jin Dynasties, Life Consciousness, Wang Xizhi, Correspondence