Assessment of industrial wastewater for potentially toxic elements, human health (dermal) risks, and pollution sources: a case study of Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate, Swabi, Pakistan

In this study, industrial wastewater and groundwater were comparatively investigated for their physicochemical properties, concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), human health risks and pollution source(s). Every month, 34 wastewater samples and 26 groundwater samples were collected, fo...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Muhammad, Nisar, Nafees, Mohammad, Ge, Liya, Khan, Muhammad Haya, Bilal, Muhammad, Chan, Wei Ping, Lisak, Grzegorz
Other Authors: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: 2022
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10356/160282
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Institution: Nanyang Technological University
Language: English
id sg-ntu-dr.10356-160282
record_format dspace
spelling sg-ntu-dr.10356-1602822022-07-18T08:42:36Z Assessment of industrial wastewater for potentially toxic elements, human health (dermal) risks, and pollution sources: a case study of Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate, Swabi, Pakistan Muhammad, Nisar Nafees, Mohammad Ge, Liya Khan, Muhammad Haya Bilal, Muhammad Chan, Wei Ping Lisak, Grzegorz School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre Engineering::Environmental engineering Industrial Wastewater Potentially Toxic Elements In this study, industrial wastewater and groundwater were comparatively investigated for their physicochemical properties, concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), human health risks and pollution source(s). Every month, 34 wastewater samples and 26 groundwater samples were collected, for a duration of one year. The results showed that the physicochemical parameters and concentrations of PTEs in the industrial wastewater exceeded the maximum permissible limits of Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (2000). Specifically, it was found that total dissolved solids (5%), total suspended solids (190%), chemical oxygen demand (107%), five-days biochemical oxygen demand (5.7 times), grease/oil (27.1 times), Fe (67%), Zn (29%), Mn (32%), Cu (27%), Ni (16%), Cr (8%), Pb (106%), and Cd (80%) were higher than the permissible limits. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic dermal health risks for wastewater irrigation group were significantly higher than the groundwater irrigation group. The hazard index of irrigation with industrial wastewater was 180 times higher than the groundwater. The principal component analysis indicated that industry was the main polluting source. The cluster analysis results of all PTEs (except Fe) were found in the same clade in the dendrogram, which showed a strong similarity within the monthly data set of the whole year. The study recommends using adjacent groundwater instead of industrial wastewater for irrigation purposes. This research was financially supported by Higher Education Commission Pakistan under International Research Support Initiative Program (Grant No: 1-8/HEC/HRD/2018/8939, PIN: IRSIP 41 BMS83). 2022-07-18T08:42:36Z 2022-07-18T08:42:36Z 2021 Journal Article Muhammad, N., Nafees, M., Ge, L., Khan, M. H., Bilal, M., Chan, W. P. & Lisak, G. (2021). Assessment of industrial wastewater for potentially toxic elements, human health (dermal) risks, and pollution sources: a case study of Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate, Swabi, Pakistan. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 419, 126450-. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126450 0304-3894 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/160282 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126450 34323708 2-s2.0-85109423176 419 126450 en Journal of Hazardous Materials © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
institution Nanyang Technological University
building NTU Library
continent Asia
country Singapore
Singapore
content_provider NTU Library
collection DR-NTU
language English
topic Engineering::Environmental engineering
Industrial Wastewater
Potentially Toxic Elements
spellingShingle Engineering::Environmental engineering
Industrial Wastewater
Potentially Toxic Elements
Muhammad, Nisar
Nafees, Mohammad
Ge, Liya
Khan, Muhammad Haya
Bilal, Muhammad
Chan, Wei Ping
Lisak, Grzegorz
Assessment of industrial wastewater for potentially toxic elements, human health (dermal) risks, and pollution sources: a case study of Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate, Swabi, Pakistan
description In this study, industrial wastewater and groundwater were comparatively investigated for their physicochemical properties, concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), human health risks and pollution source(s). Every month, 34 wastewater samples and 26 groundwater samples were collected, for a duration of one year. The results showed that the physicochemical parameters and concentrations of PTEs in the industrial wastewater exceeded the maximum permissible limits of Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (2000). Specifically, it was found that total dissolved solids (5%), total suspended solids (190%), chemical oxygen demand (107%), five-days biochemical oxygen demand (5.7 times), grease/oil (27.1 times), Fe (67%), Zn (29%), Mn (32%), Cu (27%), Ni (16%), Cr (8%), Pb (106%), and Cd (80%) were higher than the permissible limits. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic dermal health risks for wastewater irrigation group were significantly higher than the groundwater irrigation group. The hazard index of irrigation with industrial wastewater was 180 times higher than the groundwater. The principal component analysis indicated that industry was the main polluting source. The cluster analysis results of all PTEs (except Fe) were found in the same clade in the dendrogram, which showed a strong similarity within the monthly data set of the whole year. The study recommends using adjacent groundwater instead of industrial wastewater for irrigation purposes.
author2 School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
author_facet School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Muhammad, Nisar
Nafees, Mohammad
Ge, Liya
Khan, Muhammad Haya
Bilal, Muhammad
Chan, Wei Ping
Lisak, Grzegorz
format Article
author Muhammad, Nisar
Nafees, Mohammad
Ge, Liya
Khan, Muhammad Haya
Bilal, Muhammad
Chan, Wei Ping
Lisak, Grzegorz
author_sort Muhammad, Nisar
title Assessment of industrial wastewater for potentially toxic elements, human health (dermal) risks, and pollution sources: a case study of Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate, Swabi, Pakistan
title_short Assessment of industrial wastewater for potentially toxic elements, human health (dermal) risks, and pollution sources: a case study of Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate, Swabi, Pakistan
title_full Assessment of industrial wastewater for potentially toxic elements, human health (dermal) risks, and pollution sources: a case study of Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate, Swabi, Pakistan
title_fullStr Assessment of industrial wastewater for potentially toxic elements, human health (dermal) risks, and pollution sources: a case study of Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate, Swabi, Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed Assessment of industrial wastewater for potentially toxic elements, human health (dermal) risks, and pollution sources: a case study of Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate, Swabi, Pakistan
title_sort assessment of industrial wastewater for potentially toxic elements, human health (dermal) risks, and pollution sources: a case study of gadoon amazai industrial estate, swabi, pakistan
publishDate 2022
url https://hdl.handle.net/10356/160282
_version_ 1738844895114690560