Assessment of industrial wastewater for potentially toxic elements, human health (dermal) risks, and pollution sources: a case study of Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate, Swabi, Pakistan
In this study, industrial wastewater and groundwater were comparatively investigated for their physicochemical properties, concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), human health risks and pollution source(s). Every month, 34 wastewater samples and 26 groundwater samples were collected, fo...
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sg-ntu-dr.10356-1602822022-07-18T08:42:36Z Assessment of industrial wastewater for potentially toxic elements, human health (dermal) risks, and pollution sources: a case study of Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate, Swabi, Pakistan Muhammad, Nisar Nafees, Mohammad Ge, Liya Khan, Muhammad Haya Bilal, Muhammad Chan, Wei Ping Lisak, Grzegorz School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre Engineering::Environmental engineering Industrial Wastewater Potentially Toxic Elements In this study, industrial wastewater and groundwater were comparatively investigated for their physicochemical properties, concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), human health risks and pollution source(s). Every month, 34 wastewater samples and 26 groundwater samples were collected, for a duration of one year. The results showed that the physicochemical parameters and concentrations of PTEs in the industrial wastewater exceeded the maximum permissible limits of Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (2000). Specifically, it was found that total dissolved solids (5%), total suspended solids (190%), chemical oxygen demand (107%), five-days biochemical oxygen demand (5.7 times), grease/oil (27.1 times), Fe (67%), Zn (29%), Mn (32%), Cu (27%), Ni (16%), Cr (8%), Pb (106%), and Cd (80%) were higher than the permissible limits. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic dermal health risks for wastewater irrigation group were significantly higher than the groundwater irrigation group. The hazard index of irrigation with industrial wastewater was 180 times higher than the groundwater. The principal component analysis indicated that industry was the main polluting source. The cluster analysis results of all PTEs (except Fe) were found in the same clade in the dendrogram, which showed a strong similarity within the monthly data set of the whole year. The study recommends using adjacent groundwater instead of industrial wastewater for irrigation purposes. This research was financially supported by Higher Education Commission Pakistan under International Research Support Initiative Program (Grant No: 1-8/HEC/HRD/2018/8939, PIN: IRSIP 41 BMS83). 2022-07-18T08:42:36Z 2022-07-18T08:42:36Z 2021 Journal Article Muhammad, N., Nafees, M., Ge, L., Khan, M. H., Bilal, M., Chan, W. P. & Lisak, G. (2021). Assessment of industrial wastewater for potentially toxic elements, human health (dermal) risks, and pollution sources: a case study of Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate, Swabi, Pakistan. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 419, 126450-. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126450 0304-3894 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/160282 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126450 34323708 2-s2.0-85109423176 419 126450 en Journal of Hazardous Materials © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Engineering::Environmental engineering Industrial Wastewater Potentially Toxic Elements Muhammad, Nisar Nafees, Mohammad Ge, Liya Khan, Muhammad Haya Bilal, Muhammad Chan, Wei Ping Lisak, Grzegorz Assessment of industrial wastewater for potentially toxic elements, human health (dermal) risks, and pollution sources: a case study of Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate, Swabi, Pakistan |
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In this study, industrial wastewater and groundwater were comparatively investigated for their physicochemical properties, concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), human health risks and pollution source(s). Every month, 34 wastewater samples and 26 groundwater samples were collected, for a duration of one year. The results showed that the physicochemical parameters and concentrations of PTEs in the industrial wastewater exceeded the maximum permissible limits of Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (2000). Specifically, it was found that total dissolved solids (5%), total suspended solids (190%), chemical oxygen demand (107%), five-days biochemical oxygen demand (5.7 times), grease/oil (27.1 times), Fe (67%), Zn (29%), Mn (32%), Cu (27%), Ni (16%), Cr (8%), Pb (106%), and Cd (80%) were higher than the permissible limits. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic dermal health risks for wastewater irrigation group were significantly higher than the groundwater irrigation group. The hazard index of irrigation with industrial wastewater was 180 times higher than the groundwater. The principal component analysis indicated that industry was the main polluting source. The cluster analysis results of all PTEs (except Fe) were found in the same clade in the dendrogram, which showed a strong similarity within the monthly data set of the whole year. The study recommends using adjacent groundwater instead of industrial wastewater for irrigation purposes. |
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School of Civil and Environmental Engineering |
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School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Muhammad, Nisar Nafees, Mohammad Ge, Liya Khan, Muhammad Haya Bilal, Muhammad Chan, Wei Ping Lisak, Grzegorz |
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Article |
author |
Muhammad, Nisar Nafees, Mohammad Ge, Liya Khan, Muhammad Haya Bilal, Muhammad Chan, Wei Ping Lisak, Grzegorz |
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Muhammad, Nisar |
title |
Assessment of industrial wastewater for potentially toxic elements, human health (dermal) risks, and pollution sources: a case study of Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate, Swabi, Pakistan |
title_short |
Assessment of industrial wastewater for potentially toxic elements, human health (dermal) risks, and pollution sources: a case study of Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate, Swabi, Pakistan |
title_full |
Assessment of industrial wastewater for potentially toxic elements, human health (dermal) risks, and pollution sources: a case study of Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate, Swabi, Pakistan |
title_fullStr |
Assessment of industrial wastewater for potentially toxic elements, human health (dermal) risks, and pollution sources: a case study of Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate, Swabi, Pakistan |
title_full_unstemmed |
Assessment of industrial wastewater for potentially toxic elements, human health (dermal) risks, and pollution sources: a case study of Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate, Swabi, Pakistan |
title_sort |
assessment of industrial wastewater for potentially toxic elements, human health (dermal) risks, and pollution sources: a case study of gadoon amazai industrial estate, swabi, pakistan |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10356/160282 |
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1738844895114690560 |