马来西亚电影中的民族主义与多元文化主义：《辉煌年代》、《还有一些树》及《恋恋茉莉香》的种族再现 = Nationalism and multiculturalism in Malaysian films: representation of race in Ola Bola, The Tree Remembers and Talentime

• Main Author: 劳玮笙 Loo, Wei Sheng
• Other Authors: Quah Sy Ren
• Format: Final Year Project
• Language: Chinese
• Published: Nanyang Technological University 2023
• Subjects: Humanities::Language::Chinese
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/165056
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

虽然马来西亚是一个多元文化社会，但其官方却实行一定程度的民族主义政治。在种族特权的框架下，不同的种族在经济及政治上没有得到同等的对待，间接导致各种族间出现分化，甚至是仇视的现象。为了维护族群和谐，官方对种族暴乱和紧张关系采取噤声处理，致使不少历史记忆及少数群体逐渐被主流论述边缘化。在此前提下，社会开始浮现对多元文化主义的诉求，而其目的是为了使官方承认文化差异，并给予平等的地位。然而，此举也间接形塑了民族主义与多元文化主义之间的对立。以马来西亚电影为例，商业电影有碍于政治正确的立场，大多都选择附和主流种族政治论述，藉由影片再现各族群和谐共存的乌托邦社会。相反的，独立电影则是选择直面种族敏感课题，揭露马来西亚种族与社会的禁忌。因此，本文将探讨三部跨族群电影中的种族再现，并进一步分析在不同种族政治论述下，其表现出的民族主义与多元文化主义如何构建种族的政治认同及种族关系。通过研究这些电影，有助于更好地理解在马来西亚语境中社会及官方对于种族政治的论述及与之息息相关的种族关系。 Although Malaysia is a multicultural society, its government practices a certain level of nationalism politics. Under the framework of racial privilege, different ethnic groups have not received equal treatment in terms of economics and politics, which indirectly leads to polarization and even hostility among different ethnic groups. In order to maintain ethnic harmony, the government adopts a silent approach towards racial riots and tension , which led to many historical memories and minorities to be gradually marginalized by mainstream discourse. With this, the society began to appeal for multiculturalism, with the aim of having cultural differences officially recognised and given equal status. However, this has also indirectly shaped the dichotomy between nationalism and multiculturalism. Using Malaysian film as an example, commercial films, constrained by the politically correct stance, and most of them choose to echo mainstream racial political discourse, using films to reproduce a utopian society where all ethnic groups coexist harmoniously. On the contrary, independent films choose to confront racially sensitive issues, by exposing Malaysia's racial and social taboos. Therefore, this paper will explore the representation of race in three interracial films, and further analyze how nationalism and multiculturalism construct political identity and race relations under different racial political discourses. By studying these films, it can help us better understand the social and official discourses on racial politics and the closely related race relations in the Malaysian context.