新加坡电影中的生态异托邦 = Eco-heterotopias in Singapore films

• Main Author: 纪鸣凤 Kee, Ming Feng
• Other Authors: Chu Kiu-wai
• Format: Thesis-Master by Research
• Language: Chinese
• Published: Nanyang Technological University 2023
• Subjects: Humanities::Language::Chinese
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/166421
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

傅柯在《词语物》中首次提出“异托邦”（heterotopia）的概念，指出在语 言中仍有许多“物”无法以现有的语言归类，因此处于“这也不是”、“那也不是” 的处境。处在这样的情况的“物”被称之为“异托邦”。在庞大的生态体系中，有许 多事物的归类并不是绝对的。由于人类对于事物所存在的认知差距以及事物属性的变 化，人们对于事物的认知有不断加强的必要性。电影作为媒介的一种，根据不同的作 用，可以通过拍摄手法、故事叙述、剪辑技巧传达信息。影片的真实与虚幻相兼有如 “异托邦”。因此，这样的“异”媒介往往存在着与贴近现实却又有距离或陌生的内 容。这类内容不一定是极端或争议性质强烈，也可以是比现实中更为理想或美化的场 景。通过影片透视着其中所呈现的异托邦将有助于更好地了解生态中的群体，照进现 实。因此，本文将尝试分析《7 封信》短片系列、电影《幻土》、纪录片 Lost World 《失落的世界》、电影 A Yellow Bird 《一只黄鸟》以及电影《我们的故事 1》与《我们的故事 2》当中的异托邦，探讨电影中的异托邦呈现以及当中的异托邦如何帮助我们建构“去域化”、家与地方情怀以及对边缘群体的认知。 关键词：生态；异托邦；电影 The concept of “Heterotopia” was first brought up in Michel Foucault’s The order of Things, where he observed the limitation of language when classifying things which are neither “here” nor “there”, these group of “things”, in Foucault’s words are in heterotopia. In the vast space of environment, classification of “things” is not absolute. The way “things” are classified is highly associated to the knowledge gap of humans on the topic as well as subjected to changes from those “things”. As such, there is the need for and importance of humans to constantly gain better understanding of the environment. Films as a form of medium can relay different messages depending on its agenda, narrative, and technology in editing. The interception of real and imaginary aspects of films made itself a heterotopia. Hence, the presence of real yet foreign topics discussed are often found in films. Such topics may not be extreme in nature, it could also be a form of reimagination, often beautified, of the reality. This paper aims to provide a perspective on how ecological heterotopias may help us gain a better understanding on concept such as “deterritorialization”, “home” and minorities through film analysis of different films, namely, short film anthology 7 Letters, movie A Land Imagined, short documentary Lost World, movie A Yellow Bird and commercial movie Long Long Time Ago 1 and 2. Keywords: Ecocriticism; Heterotopia, Cinema