Isolation and genetic characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus two decades after its elimination in Singapore

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an important arbovirus in Asia that can cause serious neurological disease. JEV is transmitted by mosquitoes in an enzootic cycle involving porcine and avian reservoirs, in which humans are accidental, dead-end hosts. JEV is currently not endemic in Singapore, af...

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Main Authors: Lim, Ming Jie, Loh, Zhi Yang, Yeo, Hui Ling, Yenamandra, Surya Pavan, Kong, Marcella, Pang, Hao Yang, Lee, Meng Han, Humaidi, Mahathir, Chua, Cliff, Griffiths, Jane, Ng, Lee Ching, Hapuarachchi, Hapuarachchige Chanditha, Mailepessov, Diyar
Other Authors: School of Biological Sciences
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: 2023
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Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10356/169734
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Institution: Nanyang Technological University
Language: English
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spelling sg-ntu-dr.10356-1697342023-08-07T15:32:03Z Isolation and genetic characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus two decades after its elimination in Singapore Lim, Ming Jie Loh, Zhi Yang Yeo, Hui Ling Yenamandra, Surya Pavan Kong, Marcella Pang, Hao Yang Lee, Meng Han Humaidi, Mahathir Chua, Cliff Griffiths, Jane Ng, Lee Ching Hapuarachchi, Hapuarachchige Chanditha Mailepessov, Diyar School of Biological Sciences National Environment Agency, Singapore Science::Biological sciences Japanese Encephalitis Virus Phylogenetic Analysis Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an important arbovirus in Asia that can cause serious neurological disease. JEV is transmitted by mosquitoes in an enzootic cycle involving porcine and avian reservoirs, in which humans are accidental, dead-end hosts. JEV is currently not endemic in Singapore, after pig farming was abolished in 1992; the last known human case was reported in 2005. However, due to its location along the East-Asian Australasian Flyway (EAAF), Singapore is vulnerable to JEV re-introduction from the endemic regions. Serological and genetic evidence in the last decade suggests JEV's presence in the local fauna. In the present study, we report the genetic characterization and the first isolation of JEV from 3214 mosquito pools consisting of 41,843 Culex mosquitoes, which were trapped from April 2014 to May 2021. The findings demonstrated the presence of genotype I of JEV (n = 10), in contrast to the previous reports of the presence of genotype II of JEV in Singapore. The genetic analyses also suggested that JEV has entered Singapore on several occasions and has potentially established an enzootic cycle in the local fauna. These observations have important implications in the risk assessment and the control of Japanese encephalitis in non-endemic countries, such as Singapore, that are at risk for JEV transmission. Published version 2023-08-01T06:56:44Z 2023-08-01T06:56:44Z 2022 Journal Article Lim, M. J., Loh, Z. Y., Yeo, H. L., Yenamandra, S. P., Kong, M., Pang, H. Y., Lee, M. H., Humaidi, M., Chua, C., Griffiths, J., Ng, L. C., Hapuarachchi, H. C. & Mailepessov, D. (2022). Isolation and genetic characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus two decades after its elimination in Singapore. Viruses, 14(12), 2662-. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14122662 1999-4915 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/169734 10.3390/v14122662 36560666 2-s2.0-85144486770 12 14 2662 en Viruses © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). application/pdf
institution Nanyang Technological University
building NTU Library
continent Asia
country Singapore
Singapore
content_provider NTU Library
collection DR-NTU
language English
topic Science::Biological sciences
Japanese Encephalitis Virus
Phylogenetic Analysis
spellingShingle Science::Biological sciences
Japanese Encephalitis Virus
Phylogenetic Analysis
Lim, Ming Jie
Loh, Zhi Yang
Yeo, Hui Ling
Yenamandra, Surya Pavan
Kong, Marcella
Pang, Hao Yang
Lee, Meng Han
Humaidi, Mahathir
Chua, Cliff
Griffiths, Jane
Ng, Lee Ching
Hapuarachchi, Hapuarachchige Chanditha
Mailepessov, Diyar
Isolation and genetic characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus two decades after its elimination in Singapore
description Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an important arbovirus in Asia that can cause serious neurological disease. JEV is transmitted by mosquitoes in an enzootic cycle involving porcine and avian reservoirs, in which humans are accidental, dead-end hosts. JEV is currently not endemic in Singapore, after pig farming was abolished in 1992; the last known human case was reported in 2005. However, due to its location along the East-Asian Australasian Flyway (EAAF), Singapore is vulnerable to JEV re-introduction from the endemic regions. Serological and genetic evidence in the last decade suggests JEV's presence in the local fauna. In the present study, we report the genetic characterization and the first isolation of JEV from 3214 mosquito pools consisting of 41,843 Culex mosquitoes, which were trapped from April 2014 to May 2021. The findings demonstrated the presence of genotype I of JEV (n = 10), in contrast to the previous reports of the presence of genotype II of JEV in Singapore. The genetic analyses also suggested that JEV has entered Singapore on several occasions and has potentially established an enzootic cycle in the local fauna. These observations have important implications in the risk assessment and the control of Japanese encephalitis in non-endemic countries, such as Singapore, that are at risk for JEV transmission.
author2 School of Biological Sciences
author_facet School of Biological Sciences
Lim, Ming Jie
Loh, Zhi Yang
Yeo, Hui Ling
Yenamandra, Surya Pavan
Kong, Marcella
Pang, Hao Yang
Lee, Meng Han
Humaidi, Mahathir
Chua, Cliff
Griffiths, Jane
Ng, Lee Ching
Hapuarachchi, Hapuarachchige Chanditha
Mailepessov, Diyar
format Article
author Lim, Ming Jie
Loh, Zhi Yang
Yeo, Hui Ling
Yenamandra, Surya Pavan
Kong, Marcella
Pang, Hao Yang
Lee, Meng Han
Humaidi, Mahathir
Chua, Cliff
Griffiths, Jane
Ng, Lee Ching
Hapuarachchi, Hapuarachchige Chanditha
Mailepessov, Diyar
author_sort Lim, Ming Jie
title Isolation and genetic characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus two decades after its elimination in Singapore
title_short Isolation and genetic characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus two decades after its elimination in Singapore
title_full Isolation and genetic characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus two decades after its elimination in Singapore
title_fullStr Isolation and genetic characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus two decades after its elimination in Singapore
title_full_unstemmed Isolation and genetic characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus two decades after its elimination in Singapore
title_sort isolation and genetic characterization of japanese encephalitis virus two decades after its elimination in singapore
publishDate 2023
url https://hdl.handle.net/10356/169734
_version_ 1779156244651573248