殖民时期的东南亚 : 解构华人社群的迫害论述 = Colonial era in Southeast Asia: deconstructing persecution narratives of the Chinese community

• Main Author: 翁嘉倩 Yong, Jiar Xien
• Other Authors: Chang Yuan
• Format: Final Year Project
• Language: Chinese
• Published: Nanyang Technological University 2023
• Subjects: Humanities::Language::Chinese
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/171136
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

本文基于对历史和现实的考察，通过东南亚殖民地历史观察东南亚华人的真实经历，并深入探讨华侨在身份认同与形象建构上的走向。在许多关于殖民地华侨的文献中，笔者发现大部分的材料都着重讨论遭受惨痛经历的海外华人，尤其是处于“草根阶级”的群体。该群体在殖民地被土著视为“外来者”，还被殖民政府视为廉价的劳动力。华侨在殖民地受到排斥和歧视，这种形象使他们在殖民地的地位看似无足轻重。历史上的海外华人确实在殖民地受到不平等的对待，但着重关注特定情况却使海外华人普遍被认为是受迫害的群体。事实上，不同的殖民地有着不同的历史与文化背景，华人社群中也有阶级之分，因此殖民地华人的经历也是多元和复杂的，这也就反映出并非所有殖民地的华人都是受迫害的群体。本文以马来西亚、印度尼西亚和菲律宾的殖民史，从不同阶级观察华侨的真实生活情况，从而探讨“华侨”转变成“华人”的过程。 关键词：东南亚华人、殖民史、迫害、身份认同 This paper, based on an exploration of both historical accounts and realities, delves into the authentic experiences of Southeast Asian Overseas Chinese by examining the colonial history of Southeast Asia. It seeks to understand the evolving landscape of identity and image construction among overseas Chinese. In many pieces of literary work concerning the colonial overseas Chinese, much of the material predominantly emphasizes the hardships faced by overseas Chinese, particularly those from the grassroots level. These individuals were often perceived as “Outsiders” by the indigenous people of the colonies and were exploited as a source of cheap labour by colonial authorities. This resulted in their exclusion and discrimination, leaving their status seemingly inconsequential in the colonial context. While the overseas Chinese did indeed encounter inequality in colonial settings, a narrow focus on specific circumstances has often led to the general perception of overseas Chinese as a persecuted group. However, different colonies had historical and cultural backgrounds, and class distinctions existed within the overseas Chinese community. Consequently, the experiences of colonial Chinese were diverse and intricate, reflecting that not all Chinese in the colonies were persecuted. This paper examines the authentic life experiences of the overseas Chinese in Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines through the lens of various social classes, within the context of their colonial histories. Through this comprehensive examination, it aims to provide valuable insights into the transformation from “huaqiao” (Chinese Sojourner) to “huaren” (Chinese Expatriate). Keywords: Southeast Asian Chinese, Colonial history, Persecution, Identity.