Enhanced extraction of brominated flame retardants from e-waste plastics
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is a high utility engineering thermoplastic, abundantly present in waste electronic and electrical goods. The demand for this plastic resin increases continuously with rapid industrial growth across the world. During the recycling of e-waste plastics, it is a co...
Saved in:
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Other Authors: | |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
2023
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/171434 |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
Institution: | Nanyang Technological University |
Language: | English |
id |
sg-ntu-dr.10356-171434 |
---|---|
record_format |
dspace |
spelling |
sg-ntu-dr.10356-1714342023-10-24T08:00:57Z Enhanced extraction of brominated flame retardants from e-waste plastics Das, Pallab Zeng, Qiang Leybros, Antoine Gabriel, Jean-Christophe P. Tay, Chor Yong Lee, Jong-Min School of Materials Science and Engineering School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N) Singapore-CEA Alliance for Research in Circular Economy Engineering::Chemical engineering Brominated Flame Retardant Microwave Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is a high utility engineering thermoplastic, abundantly present in waste electronic and electrical goods. The demand for this plastic resin increases continuously with rapid industrial growth across the world. During the recycling of e-waste plastics, it is a common occurrence to find brominated flame retardants, such as Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in the plastic. These flame retardants are intentionally added to the plastics as additives. Three processes were investigated to find the optimum solvent/antisolvent combinations, process parameters for the efficient recovery of TBBPA free plastics: microwave assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE), and dissolution reprecipitation (DR). Rigorous solvent screening was carried out for both TBBPA and ABS using Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSP), and their interactions with the solvents were investigated with a molecular based Conductor like Screening Model for Realistic Solvents (COSMO-RS) software platform. A 4:1 (v/v) solvent mixture of 1-propanol and heptane was found to be ideal for the solid–liquid extraction process. The optimal extraction conditions (Temperature = 110 – 130 °C, time = 60 to 70 min solid/liquid ratio of 0.025) in MAE were predicted using machine learning based Support Vector Regression (SVR) technique. MAE was found to be superior to UAE and DR processes in terms of quantity and quality of recovered plastics. The maximum extraction efficiencies for TBBPA removal were achieved with MAE, UAE, and DR processes at 95.81%, 93.92%, and 98.15%, respectively. However, the DR process had a relatively lower plastic recovery. National Research Foundation (NRF) All authors acknowledge financial support from SCARCE project, which is supported by the National Research Foundation, Singapore, and the National Environment Agency, Singapore under its Closing the Waste Loop R&D Initiative (Award No. USS-IF-2018-4) and Closing the Resource Loop Funding Initiative (Award No. CTRL-2022-1D-01). 2023-10-24T08:00:57Z 2023-10-24T08:00:57Z 2023 Journal Article Das, P., Zeng, Q., Leybros, A., Gabriel, J. P., Tay, C. Y. & Lee, J. (2023). Enhanced extraction of brominated flame retardants from e-waste plastics. Chemical Engineering Journal, 469, 144126-. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.144126 1385-8947 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/171434 10.1016/j.cej.2023.144126 2-s2.0-85163685974 469 144126 en USS-IF-2018-4 CTRL-2022-1D-01 Chemical Engineering Journal © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
institution |
Nanyang Technological University |
building |
NTU Library |
continent |
Asia |
country |
Singapore Singapore |
content_provider |
NTU Library |
collection |
DR-NTU |
language |
English |
topic |
Engineering::Chemical engineering Brominated Flame Retardant Microwave |
spellingShingle |
Engineering::Chemical engineering Brominated Flame Retardant Microwave Das, Pallab Zeng, Qiang Leybros, Antoine Gabriel, Jean-Christophe P. Tay, Chor Yong Lee, Jong-Min Enhanced extraction of brominated flame retardants from e-waste plastics |
description |
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is a high utility engineering thermoplastic, abundantly present in waste electronic and electrical goods. The demand for this plastic resin increases continuously with rapid industrial growth across the world. During the recycling of e-waste plastics, it is a common occurrence to find brominated flame retardants, such as Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in the plastic. These flame retardants are intentionally added to the plastics as additives. Three processes were investigated to find the optimum solvent/antisolvent combinations, process parameters for the efficient recovery of TBBPA free plastics: microwave assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE), and dissolution reprecipitation (DR). Rigorous solvent screening was carried out for both TBBPA and ABS using Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSP), and their interactions with the solvents were investigated with a molecular based Conductor like Screening Model for Realistic Solvents (COSMO-RS) software platform. A 4:1 (v/v) solvent mixture of 1-propanol and heptane was found to be ideal for the solid–liquid extraction process. The optimal extraction conditions (Temperature = 110 – 130 °C, time = 60 to 70 min solid/liquid ratio of 0.025) in MAE were predicted using machine learning based Support Vector Regression (SVR) technique. MAE was found to be superior to UAE and DR processes in terms of quantity and quality of recovered plastics. The maximum extraction efficiencies for TBBPA removal were achieved with MAE, UAE, and DR processes at 95.81%, 93.92%, and 98.15%, respectively. However, the DR process had a relatively lower plastic recovery. |
author2 |
School of Materials Science and Engineering |
author_facet |
School of Materials Science and Engineering Das, Pallab Zeng, Qiang Leybros, Antoine Gabriel, Jean-Christophe P. Tay, Chor Yong Lee, Jong-Min |
format |
Article |
author |
Das, Pallab Zeng, Qiang Leybros, Antoine Gabriel, Jean-Christophe P. Tay, Chor Yong Lee, Jong-Min |
author_sort |
Das, Pallab |
title |
Enhanced extraction of brominated flame retardants from e-waste plastics |
title_short |
Enhanced extraction of brominated flame retardants from e-waste plastics |
title_full |
Enhanced extraction of brominated flame retardants from e-waste plastics |
title_fullStr |
Enhanced extraction of brominated flame retardants from e-waste plastics |
title_full_unstemmed |
Enhanced extraction of brominated flame retardants from e-waste plastics |
title_sort |
enhanced extraction of brominated flame retardants from e-waste plastics |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10356/171434 |
_version_ |
1781793765741035520 |