Quantum uncertainty principles for measurements with interventions

Heisenberg's uncertainty principle implies fundamental constraints on what properties of a quantum system we can simultaneously learn. However, it typically assumes that we probe these properties via measurements at a single point in time. In contrast, inferring causal dependencies in complex p...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xiao, Yunlong, Yang, Yuxiang, Wang, Ximing, Liu, Qing, Gu, Mile
Other Authors: School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: 2023
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Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10356/171713
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Institution: Nanyang Technological University
Language: English
Description
Summary:Heisenberg's uncertainty principle implies fundamental constraints on what properties of a quantum system we can simultaneously learn. However, it typically assumes that we probe these properties via measurements at a single point in time. In contrast, inferring causal dependencies in complex processes often requires interactive experimentation-multiple rounds of interventions where we adaptively probe the process with different inputs to observe how they affect outputs. Here, we demonstrate universal uncertainty principles for general interactive measurements involving arbitrary rounds of interventions. As a case study, we show that they imply an uncertainty trade-off between measurements compatible with different causal dependencies.