Environmental aspect of the journey of hydrogen as an energy source and alternative fuel in Singapore

• Main Author: Tiu, Ada Hwee
• Other Authors: Chiu Sai Hoi, Benson
• Format: Final Year Project
• Language: English
• Published: Nanyang Technological University 2023
• Subjects: Engineering::Maritime studies
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/172832
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

This report covers the environmental impact of hydrogen as an energy source and alternative fuel in Singapore. As the energy demand in Singapore continues to rise and with Singapore’s goal of achieving net zero emissions by 2050, this research paper dives into the usage of hydrogen as part of Singapore’s energy mix and the potential of hydrogen as an alternative fuel for different industries. In this research, we conducted a literature review that proved the potential impact hydrogen could have on the environment due to the lack of facilities and space in Singapore. The literature review will cover the different types of hydrogen, the environmental impacts of importing, distribution and storage, as well as the application of hydrogen in Singapore. Due to certain characteristics of hydrogen and the lack of technologies to mitigate the risk of adopting hydrogen, it could pose a danger to the environment in Singapore. We carried out four interviews with experts, mainly in the maritime industry. They have both confirmed and contradicted some of our research findings, and this report will dive into further detail. Through the various research and interviews, we have analysed the findings and concluded that hydrogen will not be the sole energy source in Singapore due to the lack of supply and potential environmental impacts the production and storage of hydrogen could have in Singapore. Additionally, we have found that hydrogen may not be the best alternative fuel due to the lack of technologies to mitigate the risks and the large environmental impacts that it could cause without the necessary framework and facilities. With this, we recommend that the Singapore government look into a stable supply of hydrogen through collaborating with private companies and other countries. This will give Singapore the opportunity to evaluate the two methods of importing hydrogen while also ensuring cost-efficiency. To develop facilities for storage of hydrogen, Singapore could look into working with private companies through private public partnerships. Additionally, the government could invest in research and development to innovate technologies that mitigates the risks of hydrogen. While technology might not be able to diminish the risks, Singapore could train our first responders as well as operators to educate them on the characteristics of hydrogen and how to reduce the risks of accidents happening. Furthermore, the government could continue educating the public to improve receptiveness, thus ensuring a smoother transition to a hydrogen economy in Singapore.