Occurrence of polymer additives 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-1,4-benzenediamine (6PPD), and chlorinated byproducts in drinking water: contribution from plumbing polymer materials
While the occurrence of polymer additives in the environment has gained much attention in recent years, particularly through the emission of tire wear particles (TWPs), evidence of the occurrence of such chemicals in drinking water systems is limited. Even less information is available regarding pot...
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sg-ntu-dr.10356-1731932024-01-19T15:33:53Z Occurrence of polymer additives 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-1,4-benzenediamine (6PPD), and chlorinated byproducts in drinking water: contribution from plumbing polymer materials dos Santos, Mauricius Marques Snyder, Shane Allen School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Engineering::Environmental engineering Polymer Additives Disinfection Byproducts While the occurrence of polymer additives in the environment has gained much attention in recent years, particularly through the emission of tire wear particles (TWPs), evidence of the occurrence of such chemicals in drinking water systems is limited. Even less information is available regarding potential chlorination/chloramination transformation byproducts. In this study, we report the occurrence of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-1,4-benzenediamine (6PPD), 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), and three chlorinated byproducts (1,3-bis(2-chlorophenyl)guanidine (CC15), 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)guanidine (CC05), and 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-phenylguanidine) (CC11)) in drinking water samples (n = 20). DPG showed detection frequency of 100%; median 4.3 ng/L (min = 0.25 ng/L; max = 32.6 ng/L), and a chlorinated by product of DPG (CC15) was also detected in 100% of samples; median 1.7 ng/L (min = 0.29 ng/L; max = 11.2 ng/L). CC11 was also found in 10% of samples and was previously reported as potentially genotoxic. While most studies have focused on the tire rubber related origin of DPG and 6PPD in the environment, results show a potential major contribution of other polymer materials used in household devices such as tap water aerators, particularly O-rings and seals. Leaching potential of such materials was demonstrated, and contact with free chlorine and monochloramine induced the formation of different halogenated transformation byproducts. Nanyang Technological University National Research Foundation (NRF) Public Utilities Board (PUB) Published version The Merlion programme and the support given by the French Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs (MEAE), and the Nanyang Technological University are acknowledged. This research is supported by the National Research Foundation, Singapore, and PUB, Singapore’s National Water Agency, under its RIE2025 Urban Solutions and Sustainability (USS) (Water) Centre of Excellence (CoE) Programme, awarded to Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU). 2024-01-17T01:14:15Z 2024-01-17T01:14:15Z 2023 Journal Article dos Santos, M. M. & Snyder, S. A. (2023). Occurrence of polymer additives 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-1,4-benzenediamine (6PPD), and chlorinated byproducts in drinking water: contribution from plumbing polymer materials. Environmental Science and Technology Letters, 10(10), 885-890. https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00446 2328-8930 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/173193 10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00446 2-s2.0-85173157609 10 10 885 890 en Environmental Science and Technology Letters © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society. This publication is licensed under CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0. application/pdf |
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Engineering::Environmental engineering Polymer Additives Disinfection Byproducts dos Santos, Mauricius Marques Snyder, Shane Allen Occurrence of polymer additives 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-1,4-benzenediamine (6PPD), and chlorinated byproducts in drinking water: contribution from plumbing polymer materials |
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While the occurrence of polymer additives in the environment has gained much attention in recent years, particularly through the emission of tire wear particles (TWPs), evidence of the occurrence of such chemicals in drinking water systems is limited. Even less information is available regarding potential chlorination/chloramination transformation byproducts. In this study, we report the occurrence of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-1,4-benzenediamine (6PPD), 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), and three chlorinated byproducts (1,3-bis(2-chlorophenyl)guanidine (CC15), 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)guanidine (CC05), and 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-phenylguanidine) (CC11)) in drinking water samples (n = 20). DPG showed detection frequency of 100%; median 4.3 ng/L (min = 0.25 ng/L; max = 32.6 ng/L), and a chlorinated by product of DPG (CC15) was also detected in 100% of samples; median 1.7 ng/L (min = 0.29 ng/L; max = 11.2 ng/L). CC11 was also found in 10% of samples and was previously reported as potentially genotoxic. While most studies have focused on the tire rubber related origin of DPG and 6PPD in the environment, results show a potential major contribution of other polymer materials used in household devices such as tap water aerators, particularly O-rings and seals. Leaching potential of such materials was demonstrated, and contact with free chlorine and monochloramine induced the formation of different halogenated transformation byproducts. |
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School of Civil and Environmental Engineering |
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School of Civil and Environmental Engineering dos Santos, Mauricius Marques Snyder, Shane Allen |
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Article |
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dos Santos, Mauricius Marques Snyder, Shane Allen |
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dos Santos, Mauricius Marques |
title |
Occurrence of polymer additives 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-1,4-benzenediamine (6PPD), and chlorinated byproducts in drinking water: contribution from plumbing polymer materials |
title_short |
Occurrence of polymer additives 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-1,4-benzenediamine (6PPD), and chlorinated byproducts in drinking water: contribution from plumbing polymer materials |
title_full |
Occurrence of polymer additives 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-1,4-benzenediamine (6PPD), and chlorinated byproducts in drinking water: contribution from plumbing polymer materials |
title_fullStr |
Occurrence of polymer additives 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-1,4-benzenediamine (6PPD), and chlorinated byproducts in drinking water: contribution from plumbing polymer materials |
title_full_unstemmed |
Occurrence of polymer additives 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-1,4-benzenediamine (6PPD), and chlorinated byproducts in drinking water: contribution from plumbing polymer materials |
title_sort |
occurrence of polymer additives 1,3-diphenylguanidine (dpg), n-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-n'-phenyl-1,4-benzenediamine (6ppd), and chlorinated byproducts in drinking water: contribution from plumbing polymer materials |
publishDate |
2024 |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10356/173193 |
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1789483107951312896 |