Polymer additives to go? Occurrence of the rubber additive 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) in bottled water
The occurrence of polymer additives such as 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) has been recently reported in different human samples, including urine and plasma. It has also been widely reported in many sources of drinking water and tap water. Here, we present the first comprehensive assessment of the occu...
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sg-ntu-dr.10356-1734622024-02-06T07:21:26Z Polymer additives to go? Occurrence of the rubber additive 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) in bottled water dos Santos, Mauricius Marques Snyder, Shane Allen School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Engineering Polymer Additives Drinking Water The occurrence of polymer additives such as 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) has been recently reported in different human samples, including urine and plasma. It has also been widely reported in many sources of drinking water and tap water. Here, we present the first comprehensive assessment of the occurrence of DPG in bottled water samples. A large-volume direct injection LC-MS/MS method was used for the analysis of polymer additives (DPG, DTG, and 6PPD) and six transformation products in different bottled water samples. The use of a 100 μL direct injection LC-MS/MS method enabled detection and quantification limits as low as 0.01 and 0.05 ng/L, respectively, with no interference of potential contaminants from materials commonly used in the laboratory. Out of 63 different samples from 15 different countries, DPG had a detection frequency of 40%, with samples above the limit of quantification having a median concentration of 0.76 ng/L (maximum of 7.4 ng/L). Although the contribution to human exposure from drinking bottled water could explain little of the observed urine concentrations previously reported, the impact from bottled water consumption cannot be neglected and was estimated to be on the same order of magnitude as that of drinking tap water. Nanyang Technological University National Research Foundation (NRF) Public Utilities Board (PUB) The Merlion program and support given by the French Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs (MEAE) and the Nanyang Technological University. This research is supported by the National Research Foundation, Singapore, and PUB, Singapore’s National Water Agency under its RIE2025 Urban Solutions and Sustainability (USS) (Water) Centre of Excellence (CoE) Programme, awarded to Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU). 2024-02-06T01:09:56Z 2024-02-06T01:09:56Z 2023 Journal Article dos Santos, M. M. & Snyder, S. A. (2023). Polymer additives to go? Occurrence of the rubber additive 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) in bottled water. Environmental Science and Technology Letters, 10(10), 937-942. https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00602 2328-8930 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/173462 10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00602 2-s2.0-85174824698 10 10 937 942 en Environmental Science and Technology Letters © 2023 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved. |
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Engineering Polymer Additives Drinking Water dos Santos, Mauricius Marques Snyder, Shane Allen Polymer additives to go? Occurrence of the rubber additive 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) in bottled water |
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The occurrence of polymer additives such as 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) has been recently reported in different human samples, including urine and plasma. It has also been widely reported in many sources of drinking water and tap water. Here, we present the first comprehensive assessment of the occurrence of DPG in bottled water samples. A large-volume direct injection LC-MS/MS method was used for the analysis of polymer additives (DPG, DTG, and 6PPD) and six transformation products in different bottled water samples. The use of a 100 μL direct injection LC-MS/MS method enabled detection and quantification limits as low as 0.01 and 0.05 ng/L, respectively, with no interference of potential contaminants from materials commonly used in the laboratory. Out of 63 different samples from 15 different countries, DPG had a detection frequency of 40%, with samples above the limit of quantification having a median concentration of 0.76 ng/L (maximum of 7.4 ng/L). Although the contribution to human exposure from drinking bottled water could explain little of the observed urine concentrations previously reported, the impact from bottled water consumption cannot be neglected and was estimated to be on the same order of magnitude as that of drinking tap water. |
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School of Civil and Environmental Engineering |
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School of Civil and Environmental Engineering dos Santos, Mauricius Marques Snyder, Shane Allen |
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Article |
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dos Santos, Mauricius Marques Snyder, Shane Allen |
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dos Santos, Mauricius Marques |
title |
Polymer additives to go? Occurrence of the rubber additive 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) in bottled water |
title_short |
Polymer additives to go? Occurrence of the rubber additive 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) in bottled water |
title_full |
Polymer additives to go? Occurrence of the rubber additive 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) in bottled water |
title_fullStr |
Polymer additives to go? Occurrence of the rubber additive 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) in bottled water |
title_full_unstemmed |
Polymer additives to go? Occurrence of the rubber additive 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) in bottled water |
title_sort |
polymer additives to go? occurrence of the rubber additive 1,3-diphenylguanidine (dpg) in bottled water |
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2024 |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10356/173462 |
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