Miniaturizing the large Hadron collider: review and analysis of particle accelerator technologies

• Main Author: Teo, Nicholas Eu Heng
• Other Authors: Wong Liang Jie
• Format: Final Year Project
• Language: English
• Published: Nanyang Technological University 2024
• Subjects: Engineering; Physics; Particle accelerators; Miniaturize; Large Hadron collider; Tevatron; Relativistic heavy ion collider; Future circular collider; Muon collider; Compact linear collider; Nanophotonic electron accelerator; Alternating phase focusing; Dielectric laser acceleration; Visual studio
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/176666
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

Particle acceleration is the main concept which gives rise to the development of particle accelerators, which are useful machines designed for the effective acceleration of various particles, such as electrons. As of a recent 2022 study, there are no less than 30000 accelerators in our world globally, with just 1% of them used for research purposes. One main standout accelerator in our world today is the Large Hadron Collider, with its ability to accelerate particle beams close to the speed of light, and its ability to achieve new physics discoveries. Particle accelerators are expected to continue to grow in numbers with improved functions in the coming decades, especially with the upcoming developments of miniaturised particle accelerators in recent years. In this report, we delve into the history and general components with make up a particle accelerator, together with the general types of accelerators. We will also delve into various particle accelerator examples of the past, present, and future with descriptions of their various technologies. Lastly, we will delve into the technologies, physics, and analyses of the most successfully developed miniaturised particle accelerator to date, which is the Nanophotonic Electron Accelerator, which utilises Alternating Phase Focusing and Dielectric Laser Acceleration as the main techniques for its function.