Pre-failure strain localization in siliclastic rocks: a comparative study of laboratory and numerical approaches

We combined novel laboratory techniques and numerical modeling to investigate (a)seismic preparatory processes associated with deformation localization during a triaxial failure test on a dry sample of Berea sandstone. Laboratory observations were quantified by measuring strain localization on the s...

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Main Authors: Bianchi, Patrick, Selvadurai, Paul Antony, Zilio, Dal Luca, Vásquez, Antonio Salazar, Madonna, Claudio, Gerya, Taras, Wiemer, Stefan
Other Authors: Asian School of the Environment
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: 2024
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Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10356/180050
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Institution: Nanyang Technological University
Language: English
id sg-ntu-dr.10356-180050
record_format dspace
institution Nanyang Technological University
building NTU Library
continent Asia
country Singapore
Singapore
content_provider NTU Library
collection DR-NTU
language English
topic Earth and Environmental Sciences
Strain localization
Acoustic emissions
spellingShingle Earth and Environmental Sciences
Strain localization
Acoustic emissions
Bianchi, Patrick
Selvadurai, Paul Antony
Zilio, Dal Luca
Vásquez, Antonio Salazar
Madonna, Claudio
Gerya, Taras
Wiemer, Stefan
Pre-failure strain localization in siliclastic rocks: a comparative study of laboratory and numerical approaches
description We combined novel laboratory techniques and numerical modeling to investigate (a)seismic preparatory processes associated with deformation localization during a triaxial failure test on a dry sample of Berea sandstone. Laboratory observations were quantified by measuring strain localization on the sample surface with a distributed strain sensing (DSS) array, utilizing optical fibers, in conjunction with both passive and active acoustic emission (AE) techniques. A physics-based computational model was subsequently employed to understand the underlying physics of these observations and to establish a spatio-temporal correlation between the laboratory and modeling results. These simulations revealed three distinct stages of preparatory processes: (i) highly dissipative fronts propagated towards the middle of the sample correlating with the observed acoustic emission locations; (ii) dissipative regions were individuated in the middle of the sample and could be linked to a discernible decrease of the P-wave velocities; (iii) a system of conjugate bands formed, coalesced into a single band that grew from the center towards the sample surface and was interpreted to be representative for the preparation of a weak plane. Dilatative lobes at the process zones of the weak plane extended outwards and grew to the surface, causing strain localization and an acceleration of the simulated deformation prior to failure. This was also observed during the experiment with the strain rate measurements and spatio-temporally correlated with an increase of the seismicity rate in a similar rock volume. The combined approach of such laboratory and numerical techniques provides an enriched view of (a)seismic preparatory processes preceding the mainshock.
author2 Asian School of the Environment
author_facet Asian School of the Environment
Bianchi, Patrick
Selvadurai, Paul Antony
Zilio, Dal Luca
Vásquez, Antonio Salazar
Madonna, Claudio
Gerya, Taras
Wiemer, Stefan
format Article
author Bianchi, Patrick
Selvadurai, Paul Antony
Zilio, Dal Luca
Vásquez, Antonio Salazar
Madonna, Claudio
Gerya, Taras
Wiemer, Stefan
author_sort Bianchi, Patrick
title Pre-failure strain localization in siliclastic rocks: a comparative study of laboratory and numerical approaches
title_short Pre-failure strain localization in siliclastic rocks: a comparative study of laboratory and numerical approaches
title_full Pre-failure strain localization in siliclastic rocks: a comparative study of laboratory and numerical approaches
title_fullStr Pre-failure strain localization in siliclastic rocks: a comparative study of laboratory and numerical approaches
title_full_unstemmed Pre-failure strain localization in siliclastic rocks: a comparative study of laboratory and numerical approaches
title_sort pre-failure strain localization in siliclastic rocks: a comparative study of laboratory and numerical approaches
publishDate 2024
url https://hdl.handle.net/10356/180050
_version_ 1814047235807117312
spelling sg-ntu-dr.10356-1800502024-09-16T15:30:46Z Pre-failure strain localization in siliclastic rocks: a comparative study of laboratory and numerical approaches Bianchi, Patrick Selvadurai, Paul Antony Zilio, Dal Luca Vásquez, Antonio Salazar Madonna, Claudio Gerya, Taras Wiemer, Stefan Asian School of the Environment Earth Observatory of Singapore Earth and Environmental Sciences Strain localization Acoustic emissions We combined novel laboratory techniques and numerical modeling to investigate (a)seismic preparatory processes associated with deformation localization during a triaxial failure test on a dry sample of Berea sandstone. Laboratory observations were quantified by measuring strain localization on the sample surface with a distributed strain sensing (DSS) array, utilizing optical fibers, in conjunction with both passive and active acoustic emission (AE) techniques. A physics-based computational model was subsequently employed to understand the underlying physics of these observations and to establish a spatio-temporal correlation between the laboratory and modeling results. These simulations revealed three distinct stages of preparatory processes: (i) highly dissipative fronts propagated towards the middle of the sample correlating with the observed acoustic emission locations; (ii) dissipative regions were individuated in the middle of the sample and could be linked to a discernible decrease of the P-wave velocities; (iii) a system of conjugate bands formed, coalesced into a single band that grew from the center towards the sample surface and was interpreted to be representative for the preparation of a weak plane. Dilatative lobes at the process zones of the weak plane extended outwards and grew to the surface, causing strain localization and an acceleration of the simulated deformation prior to failure. This was also observed during the experiment with the strain rate measurements and spatio-temporally correlated with an increase of the seismicity rate in a similar rock volume. The combined approach of such laboratory and numerical techniques provides an enriched view of (a)seismic preparatory processes preceding the mainshock. Ministry of Education (MOE) Nanyang Technological University Published version Open access funding provided by Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich. Funding for P. Bianchi was provided from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) (No. 200021-192017). Partial funding for P. A. Selvadurai was provided from the European Research Council (ERC) project FEAR (grant 856559) under the European Community’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme Funds. A. Salazar Vásquez would like to thank the Innosuisse FLAGSHIP project “AEGIS-CH: Advanced geothermal systems to improve the resilience of the energy supply of Switzerland” (No. 2150009483) for the financial support during this investigation. L. Dal Zilio was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) Synergy Grant “Fault Activation and Earthquake Rupture” (FEAR) (No. 856559), the Earth Observatory of Singapore (EOS), and the Singapore Ministry of Education Tier 3b project “Investigating Volcano and Earthquake Science and Technology (InVEST)" (Award No. MOE-MOET32021-0002). The authors would like to acknowledge the Swiss National Science Foundation with the project R’Equip206021-170766 - “Physical constraints on natural and induced earthquakes using innovative lab scale experiments: The LabQuake Machine”. 2024-09-11T02:31:17Z 2024-09-11T02:31:17Z 2024 Journal Article Bianchi, P., Selvadurai, P. A., Zilio, D. L., Vásquez, A. S., Madonna, C., Gerya, T. & Wiemer, S. (2024). Pre-failure strain localization in siliclastic rocks: a comparative study of laboratory and numerical approaches. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 57(8), 5371-5395. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00603-024-04025-y 0723-2632 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/180050 10.1007/s00603-024-04025-y 39171322 2-s2.0-85196666775 8 57 5371 5395 en MOE-MOET32021-0002 Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering © 2024 The Author(s). Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. application/pdf