现代人的精神危机：《围城》与《鄙视》中知识分子失败人生的比较 = The psychological crisis of modern man: a comparative study of the failed lives of intellectuals in Fortress Besieged and Contempt

• Main Author: 刘锦焱 Liu, Jinyan
• Other Authors: Zhang Songjian
• Format: Final Year Project
• Language: Chinese
• Published: Nanyang Technological University 2024
• Subjects: Arts and Humanities; 钱锺书; 莫拉维亚; 比较文学; 知识分子; 精神危机; Qian Zhongshu; Moravia; Comparative literature; Intellectuals; Psychological Crisis
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/180568
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

钱锺书的《围城》和阿尔贝托·莫拉维亚的《鄙视》虽然是从中国和意 大利两种不同的文化背景出发，但创作年代、创作背景和创作目的都很相近， 两位男主角各方面经历的失败以及其背后的原因具有较高的可比性：方鸿渐在 职业理想中的茫然，爱情与婚姻关系的破裂，反映了中国现代化进程中，知识 分子在思想认知上进退两难的尴尬。莫尔泰尼经历了艺术理想与现实生活的冲 突，和逐渐异化的婚姻关系，陷入了对自我价值的怀疑和精神的孤独，他的失 败体现了战后意大利社会面对物质主义的侵蚀，人际关系的冷漠与危机。两位 男主角的失败经历，揭示了二十世纪知识分子面对个人理想与社会现实之间的 矛盾时，普遍存在的精神困境，也体现了不同文化背景下作者对人类精神状态 的共同关切与反思。本文笔者将通过比较文学平行研究的框架，对比两位男主 角在事业、婚姻和自我认知上的迷茫与失败，研究其中的相似与不同之处，并 分析其背后的原因。 Qian Zhongshu's Fortress Besieged and Alberto Moravia's Contempt are set against the different cultural backgrounds of China and Italy, yet their periods of creation, creative contexts, and objectives are remarkably similar. The failures experienced by the two protagonists in various aspects of their lives, along with the underlying causes, exhibit a high degree of comparability. Fang Hongjian's confusion regarding his career aspirations and the breakdown of his romantic and marital relationships reflect the intellectual dilemmas and frustrations encountered by Chinese intellectuals during the modernization process. Molteni, on the other hand, faced conflicts between his artistic ideals and the realities of life, alongside a deteriorating marriage, leading him to question his self-worth and feel a deep sense of spiritual isolation. His failure mirrors the post-war Italian society's struggle with materialism and the resulting alienation and crisis in human relationships. The failures of both protagonists reveal the common psychological dilemmas faced by intellectuals of the 20th century when confronted with the conflict between personal ideals and social realities. They also reflect the shared concerns and reflections of the authors on the human psychological condition, despite their differing cultural backgrounds. In this paper, I will employ the framework of comparative literary parallel study to analyze the confusion and failures of the two protagonists in terms of their careers, marriages, and self-perceptions, exploring both the similarities and differences, and the underlying causes of these failures.