Energy analysis and modelling in markal

• Main Author: K, Balachandran
• Other Authors: Shaligram Pokharel
• Format: Final Year Project
• Language: English
• Published: 2010
• Subjects: DRNTU::Engineering::Mechanical engineering::Energy conservation; DRNTU::Engineering::General::Economic and business aspects
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10356/40226
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation’s (APEC) 2009 publication on the energy demand and supply outlook forecasts Singapore’s energy demand to rise at an annual rate of 2.2 percent. From the period of 2005 till 2030, Singapore’s energy demand is expected to rise by as much as 72 percent. Moreover the industrial sector energy demand is expected to grow annually at an average rate of 4 percent. This study is about analysing the energy use pattern of Singapore, forecasting the energy requirement up to 2032 and looking at the various industrial sector end-use demand and investment and operating and maintenance cost. The methodology applied involves projecting the energy requirement using the compound formula and using data from industrial sector energy consumption to breakdown the energy requirement into specific process needs. Moreover, data was taken from UK MARKAL model for the investment cost, the operating and maintenance cost and the efficiency of the machinery to be input into the MARKAL model for this study, with an assumption of a decrease of 1 percent in investment cost in 2016 and a further 1 percent in 2024. The findings indicate a shift in concentration of the industrial sector of Singapore from Electronic Product and Components in 2000 to Petroleum and Petrochemical Products sector in 2032. The finding also indicate the highest investment cost is for facility lighting while the highest operation and maintenance cost is for facility cooling.