从“去声别义”看上古汉语声调系统 = A study of archaic Chinese tonal system from a morphological perspective

• Main Author: 余洁琳 Eng, Jie Ling
• Other Authors: Phua Chiew Pheng
• Format: Final Year Project
• Language: Chinese
• Published: 2014
• Subjects: DRNTU::Humanities::Linguistics::Anthropological linguistics
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10356/55625
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

上古汉语声调由于研究材料贫乏，因此不同学者所提对于上古声调系统的观点都存在分歧，至今仍无法达成定论。其中，韵尾与声调的关系又极为密切，因此不同的韵尾说便是促使声调系统难以厘清的原因之一。其中对于上古声调的归类，至清儒学者开始，就不同的归类方法。另外对于上古韵尾的分歧，主要有以下的观点。一、王力、孙玉文等主张上古阴声韵的韵尾为开音节。二、李方桂、梅祖麟以及丁邦新等主张上古阴声韵是闭音节，其韵尾为浊塞音*-b，*-d，*-g。最后，对于声调的表现形式，亦有如下分歧：一、王力、孙玉文以及丁邦新主张上古汉语是通过音高，即超音段成分区分。二、梅祖麟则持另一观点，认为上古汉语是通过喉塞音*-ʔ以及*-s后缀，即音段成分区分。故此，面对种种不同的观点，笔者将以“去声别义”这个上古所存有的构词现象进行实验，测试以上不同的观点当遇到“去声别义”字时，众学者的音值构拟是否能在符合“构词法原则”的基础上，又符合奥卡姆德的“剃刀原则” （Occam's Razor）以及“语音最可能演变的方向”（Most Plausible Sound Change）这两条标准，从而推测出比较完善的上古汉语声调系统以及韵尾的新结论。 Due to the lack of data and evidence present in the research field, scholars have yet to reach a consensus in the tonal system of Archaic Chinese. As syllable coda and tone are closely intertwined, the divergent views of the former resulted in the latter harder to reach an agreed conclusion. With regard to the classification of Archaic Chinese Tone, since the Qing Dynasty, scholars have held different viewpoints. In the area of syllable coda, the differing stands are as follow: Scholars such as Wang Li and Sun Yu Wen held the viewpoint that Archaic Chinese were all open syllables, whereas Li Fang Kuei, Mei Tsu Lin and Ting Pang Hsin held opposing view as they believe Archaic Chinese were close syllabus. Lastly, the argument of Tonal System includes: Wang, Sun and Ting believing Archaic Chinese Tone is supra-segmented and Mei claiming it to be segmented. Therefore, this paper aims to reveal the syllable coda and tonal system of Archaic Chinese from a morphological perspective known as qusheng bieyi. By designing an experiment and analyzing the results, this paper will propose a new conclusion for the differing viewpoints by using Occam’s Razor and also rely on the most plausible sound change as the 2 parameteres.