言说类动词在上古汉语的语法表现 ：以“言”、“语”、“告”为例 = A study of communication verbs in archaic Chinese : Yan, Yu and Gao

• Main Author: 谢惠娟 Chia, Vina Hui Juan
• Other Authors: Phua Chiew Pheng
• Format: Final Year Project
• Language: Chinese
• Published: 2014
• Subjects: DRNTU::Humanities::Linguistics
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10356/55636
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

历来，学者们对双及物结构的认识，一直局限在给予类事件的编码上，而忽略了其他的事件类。语义地图的兴起，让我们看到给予类事件（GIVE）和言说类事件（TELL）密切相关。因此，这使我们有必要去进一步讨论言说类动词和双及物结构在上古汉语的关系。本文将以《左传》和《史记》为例，根据句法表现和音变构词的角度来讨论 “言”、“语”、“告”这三个言说类动词在上古时候和双及物结构的关系，以及这些动词如何体现给予动词的语法表现。本文发现这三类言说类动词能够在语法分布上反映出和给予类动词完全相同，只是言说类动词中发生了音变的情况。 另外，这三个言说类动词确实在某种程度上也体现了给予类中“赐”与“献”的上下关系。到了《史记》中，言说类动词的句法表现发生了变化，而这种变化和给予类动词是并行的，进一步证明二者之间有密切关系。 Past research on ditransitive construction has been constantly focusing on give-type verbs, and seldom on communication verbs. However, the development of semantic maps enabled us to see the close relation between GIVE and TELL. Thus, this allowed us to be able to look into the relationship between communication verbs and ditransitive construction. In this paper, we will be analysing three communication verbs yan, yu and gao in accordance to their syntactic behaviour and their deviation in tone. We will be using the books Zuo Zhuan and Shi Ji to observe the grammatical behavior of these three verbs in Archaic Chinese, and their role as a replicate of give-type verbs. Based on our findings, we observed a parallel in the grammatical distribution of GIVE and COMMUNICATION verbs, except the fact that there is a deviation by sound change in the latter. However, no doubt, communication verbs are able to reflect give-type verbs, like ci (赐) and xian (献), concerning the social status of both agent and recipient. In addition, communication verbs are able to change their syntactic formation in accordance to the development of Chinese syntax as reflected in ShiJi, which also proved that the development of both GIVE and TELL are parallel.