九条桥新芭拿督坛 ：多元种族与城市发展环境中的庙宇 = Jiutiaoqiao Xinba Nadutan : a temple in Singapore’s multiracialism and urbanization context

• Main Author: 蔡美薇 Chua, Mei Wei
• Other Authors: Quah Sy Ren
• Format: Final Year Project
• Language: Chinese
• Published: 2014
• Subjects: DRNTU::Humanities::Religions::Chinese folk religion
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10356/55642
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

住在中国沿海一带的华人在19世纪中开始大量移民至新加坡，并建立了“方言帮权的社会结构”。在帮权社会的结构下，各方言帮派设立庙宇供奉神明，为移民提供精神和心灵上的寄托。在英殖民政府的统治下，华族庙宇文化能够自由地传播。英殖民政府为了方便统治，将新加坡的各个族群分而治之，让属同一个方言群体的华人居住在同一个村里。由于英殖民政府没有为新加坡的发展做详细的规划，到1965年建国时，新兴政府面临了种种的现实考验。新加坡是个人多地少、缺乏天然资源的国家，因此须靠有效的政策发展。政府在不影响国家各种族之间和谐下让各族宗教自由地发展，但土地征用法令的颁布对华族庙宇，特别是在乡村一代的小庙的命运造成威胁。这让华人庙宇发展有改道的现象，更促成“联合庙”的建立。本文中将以九条桥新芭拿督坛为研究个案，探讨该庙如何受其法令的影响，屡次搬迁至少7次，最终与保安宫和天德宫建立“联合庙”，才暂时为多次的迁移画上句号。此外，该庙内分别供奉了拿督公（巫）、大伯公（华）和甘尼沙（印）三种不同族群的神明，体现出了新加坡多元宗族社会的融合性质。 Large scale Chinese immigration to Singapore began in the early nineteenth century. Their need for spiritual support prompted the establishment of Chinese temples. These temples catered mostly to the respective dialect groups of the migrants as dictated by the unique social structure of the Chinese community which revolves around communities also known as “bang” (帮). The British Government imposed no state cult and the Chinese were able to enjoy freedom in the practice of religion. The British separated the population according to their races and dialect groups and arranged for them to reside in different villages around the island. Upon Singapore’s independence in 1965, the newly elected government had to address the shortage of housing facilities as a result of poor city planning by the British. To allow better optimization of land use in Singapore, the government passed the Land Acquisition Act in 1967. This allowed the government to acquire any private land for their development. This large scale government initiative of urban development in the late 1960s threatened the survival of many temples. It resulted in the demolition of many small village temples, and prompted the merger of some into United Temples. This paper uses the case study of Jiutiaoqiao Xinba Nadutan to analyse how urban development have affected the development of temples as and its significance as a multi-racial temple in Singapore.