论萧乾小说中的基督教因素 = Christianity elements in Xiao Qian’s novels

• Main Author: 杨楚依 Yang, Chuyi
• Other Authors: School of Humanities and Social Sciences
• Format: Final Year Project
• Language: Chinese
• Published: 2014
• Subjects: DRNTU::Humanities::Literature::Chinese
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10356/55677
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

萧乾（1910－1999）自幼接触基督教并熟读《圣经》，他后来的写作风格深受基督教文化与《圣经》叙事手法的影响。尽管因为他的一些小说，他被评论界广泛称为"反基督教作家"，但在了解他的童年经历与所在时代之后，会发现事实并非如此。他曾经表示过自己的立场："我揭露并反对的是二十年代的强迫性信仰，以及宗教和帝国主义的关系，但不反对宗教本身。我尊敬耶稣这位被压迫民族的领袖，也珍视《圣经》以及基督的一生在西方文化史、艺术史上的重要性。我拥护信仰自由，因而没有理由去反对基督教或任何宗教。"[1]正如萧乾所说，他不但承认耶稣的存在，并且大力肯定了耶稣与《圣经》的贡献。通过他的作品而将其定义为"反基督的作家"，是非常片面的。萧乾曾在教会学校度过了苦难的童年。十九世纪二十年代的中国，正承受着帝国主义的侵略与压迫。基督教随着帝国主义的入侵而渗透进中国社会和文化里，同时在这段时期，也出现很多以宗教谋取私利的牧师以及伪教徒。年幼的作者经历并目睹了很多吃教者的行为，因而在之后的作品中塑造这样的形象，对他们进行批判，可以说是时代的投射。在作品深层的叙事视角、对矛盾的制造以及写作手法方面，作者受到基督教及《圣经》的多方面影响。Xiao Qian (1910-1999) was introduced to the Bible at a very young age and was well equipped with Biblical knowledge as he grew up. The heavy influence of the Christianity culture and narrative style of the Bible had later reflected in his own writings. Although he was named the "anti-Christ" writer by the critics due to the contents of some of his writings, one will realize that the criticisms are feasible as one learns about Xiao's childhood and the historical background of that period of time. He had once declared his stand on this matter, "the things that I revealed and criticized about were the obsessive belief in the 20s and the relationship between religion and imperialism, not religion itself. I respect Jesus, the oppressed national leader, and I also treasure the Bible and the importance of Jesus Christ's life in the history of Western art and culture. I respect the freedom of belief and hence there would not be any reasons for me to against Christianity or other religions." Just as what he had said, not only did he acknowledge the existence of Jesus, he even recognized the contribution of Jesus and the Bible. Therefore, we argued that the criticisms based on Xiao's writings were biased. Xiao Qian had spent a tough childhood in the Catholic school. China was suffering from the invasion and oppression from the Western Imperialism in the 1820s. Along with the invasion of imperialism, Christianity had penetrated into the culture and the society of China. At the same time, there were many pastors who abused the power of the religion for personal gain as well as false Christians. Xiao had witnessed and experienced a lot of "rice Christians" in his childhood days, and therefore he created such characters in his writings in order to criticize them. This can be seen as the reflection of that period of time. We believed that the Bible had multiple influences on Xiao's writings, such as the narrative perspective, the use of irony and rhetorical styles.