清代流放新疆文人之诗歌研究 ： 以纪昀《乌鲁木齐杂诗》为探讨中心 = The study on the poetry of exiled poets in Xinjiang of Qing dynasty : concentrated on Ji Yun’s "Urumqi miscellaneous poems"

• Main Author: 李林珊 Li, Linshan
• Other Authors: Qu Jingyi
• Format: Final Year Project
• Language: Chinese
• Published: 2015
• Subjects: DRNTU::Humanities::Literature::Chinese
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10356/62253
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

清代乾嘉年间一批因罪流放新疆的文人，相继创作竹枝词形式的组诗赞美边塞风光、反应西域风土人情。通过对纪昀《乌鲁木齐杂诗》的专门分析，发现当中词句运用之特点，如构词法、比喻句、叠词运用，另外视听嗅味触五项感官认知细致而精确，颇具审美价值与史料价值。纪昀前期作品《平定回部凯歌》十二章属于程式化的“御览诗”，富瞻而沉雄，风格上与后来《乌鲁木齐杂诗》的平实、贴近生活、写实性有着明显差异。从纪昀自身诗学观的三项审美标准“性情”、“自然”、“含蓄”来反观其前后期西域诗作，发现流放时期的作品更趋回归并实践自己的诗学理想。继纪昀之后，祁韵士有《西陲竹枝词》一百首，该组诗在规模、自注、题材、分类等形式上与纪昀《乌鲁木齐杂诗》类似，五项感官也细致入微、面面俱到。内容多方面能与纪诗说法相印证，偶尔有互相矛盾的情况。从纪昀的三项诗学审美标准来看祁诗，祁诗更得“自然”之精妙。林则徐亦有《回疆竹枝词》三十首，诗歌中不着重描绘绚丽的景致，而是对社会现实、民生疾苦等问题更加留心，充分展现出民族英雄的宽大胸襟。以纪昀三项诗学审美标准看林诗，林则徐在“性情”方面直言不讳，更显可贵。总体看来祁韵士对纪昀诗风的沿袭之处偏多，而林则徐在革新之处偏多。In Qianlong and Jiaqing periods of Qing Dynasty (1736-1820A.D.), a group of writers are in exile to Xinjiang because of offense, they wrote the form of poems Zhuzhici to praise the frontier scenery and reflect Western customs. Through specific analysis of Ji Yun’s "Urumqi Miscellaneous Poems" and found its features of word using, such as word formation, Simile, using of stacked word, in additional the five senses-visual, auditory, odor, taste and touch perceptions are detailed and precise, the poetry contains high esthetic value and historical value. Ji Yun’s preliminary work " Victory veuve for suppressing Hui Tribe " twelve chapters are stylized as"Yu Lan poem",the style is rich-looking and magnificent, and later "Urumqi Miscellaneous Poems," comparably plain, close to life, more realism. There are significant differences between them. Based on Ji Yun’s three standards of beauty on Poetic View "temperament", "natural", "subtle", contrast his preliminary and latter works of Western poetry, found works in Exile period become more returned and practice on his own poetic ideals. Following Ji Yun, Qi Yunshi had " Western Frontier Zhuzhici" one hundred, Ji’s and Qi’s poems are similar in size, self-note, themes, and other formal classification, the five senses are also meticulous, exhaustive. Content of Qi’s poetry have many corroborate, occasionally conflicting situation with Ji’s. Use Ji Yun’s three poetic aesthetic standards to appreciate Qi’s poetry, found Qi’s poetry was more "natural" exquisite. Lin Zexu also had "Huijiang Zhuzhici" thirty, his poetry is not focused on depicting gorgeous scenery, but on the social reality, hardships and other issues. Showing Lin’s leniency mind of heroism. Also use Ji Yun’s three poetic aesthetic standards to appreciate Lin’s poems, Lin can do better in “temperament”, his outspoken aspect, was more valuable. Overall following poet Qi Yunshi is on the path of inheritting of Ji Yun-style, but Lin was in the path of innovation.