论王艮“百姓日用是道”意蕴 = The significance of Wang Gen’s ‘Daily practice is Dao’

• Main Author: 黄璜 Huang, Huang
• Other Authors: Ngoi Guat Peng
• Format: Final Year Project
• Language: Chinese
• Published: 2015
• Subjects: DRNTU::Humanities::Literature::Chinese
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10356/62277
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

王艮作为泰州学派的创始人以及重要代表人物之一，最为显著的是将“道”与“百姓日用”密切联系在一起。王艮提出“百姓日用是道”以及“满街圣人”等观点，在王阳明“化繁为简”的思想和工夫的基础上更加简易化、世俗化。他将“日用”赋予一种道德实践的印证性，有别于宋代理学高深繁琐的工夫层面。然而，“道”作为道德的日用体现，并不等同于日用，因为并非所有日常行为都是“道”，只有“百姓日用条理处”才合乎“道”。因此，虽然“百姓日用是道”，但是“百姓日用而不知”。正有其“不知”，才确立了教与学的重要性，以及工夫的必要性。而“日用”的提出不仅是因为受众的变更，也是“道”的传承与传播的必经之途，即如何将纯粹理论、形而上的“道”融入于日常生活；如何将所谓“见见成成”的良知真正被“见”成，如何“致吾心良知之天理于事事物物，则事事物物皆得其理矣”。要用“日用”实践来解释高深的义理的同时，又要权衡其中不可避免的矛盾与张力实非易事。本文将以王艮的思想为主要研讨脉络，窥探阳明后学中泰州学派如何解决、联系义理与“日用”间的关系；如何用“日用”的种种来诠释、指点理论层面的“道”，同时，又如何通过讲学的方式以及“学”的简易工夫使得百姓从“日用不知”到“知”。Wang Gen as one of the founders and key representatives of Taizhou School. He is most notable by connecting “Dao” with “Daily Practice of common people". As Wang Yang-ming’s student, Wang Gen followed Yang-ming’s scholarship about heart and become more simplified in both theories and methodology (Gong Fu). Even though Wang Gen states that “Daily Practice of common people is Dao”, he did not mentioned that “Daily Practice” equals “Dao”. Instead, he insisted only the “organized part" of “Daily Practice” is in line with "Dao". Thus, although “Daily Practice of common people is Dao”, but “common people practice (Dao) without knowing it”. Because of that, “Learning”, as a methodology (Gong Fu), from both “Xian Zhi” (prophet) and “Daily practice” is very important and necessary. Wang Gen’s statement about “Daily Practice is Dao” is the way which must be passed for the Confucian school of the Song and Ming Dynasties. The Confucian school of the Song and Ming Dynasties have to solve the problem of how to apply the purely theoretical, metaphysical “Dao” into everyday life. This paper will mainly focus on Wang Gen’s theories, statements and methodologies to discuss about how Tai Zhou School settle the relationship between "Daily Practice" and metaphysical “Dao”; how he use “Daily Practice of common people” to interpret “Dao”; how “Lectures” (Jiang Xue) and "Learning" as simplified methodology makes people from “Practice (Dao) without knowing it” to “knowing Dao and Practice it”.