大马政党政治的结构与制约 ：丘光耀社会民主理论研究 = The structures and constraints of party politics in Malaysia : social democratic philosophy of Hew Kuan Yau

• Main Author: 欧思惠 Au, Sze Hui
• Other Authors: Yow Cheun Hoe
• Format: Final Year Project
• Language: Chinese
• Published: 2015
• Subjects: DRNTU::Humanities::Language::Chinese
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10356/62282
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

马来西亚政坛长期由国阵垄断，国内反对党在捍卫自党的意识理论与政权上所作的斗争，都值得探究。本文试图以马来西亚一大反对党势力--民主行动党--中的政治人物丘光耀作为研究对象，一窥其社会民主“第三条道路”理论的实践运作，继而通过其视角验证马来西亚各政党的政治互动关系。马来西亚的政治格局，国阵的种族政治很大程度影响了人们对于种族课题的关注，政党的政策实施与批判都围绕着“种族”课题打转。对此，丘光耀反对将斗争矛头过度集中在社会文化领域上，而要转移至全面性的社会经济领域。他更进一步提出“两步走”策略，主张打破国阵在国会内的三分二议席再将之推翻。除了种族议题外，丘光耀也批评了大马政坛宗教方面的趋势。回教党“政治伊斯兰”坚持政教合一的模式，形成与其他政党的原则性对立，也制造了反对党联盟的内部分化。根据丘光耀的说法，反对党联盟是为了对抗国阵的文化霸权而成立的战略性联盟。但联盟内部却在伊斯兰课题上发生矛盾冲突，原则上的互不妥协将成为国阵可利用于抵消联盟威胁的政治筹码。由此，丘光耀主张欲“攻外”则得先“治内”，除了战略性合作，行动党更应适当地对联盟内部进行原则上的制约。Since the United Malays National Organization (UMNO) has a strong grip on Malaysia’s politics, it is worthy to survey how the opposition parties defend ideologies and pursue visions for their own courses. This study attempts to investigate Hew Kuan Yau, a politician affiliated with the opposition party, Democratic Action Party (DAP), and his theory of ‘The Third Way’ for social democracy. Hew suggests to recast the focus on Malaysia’s socio-economic sector instead of socio-cultural arena, with the “Two-steps” strategy by getting first a breakthrough and then overthrowing UMNO’s power in the Congress. He also criticizes Malaysia’s Islamization, where the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) insists on building an Islamist country. Hew argues that the purpose of the alliance of opposition parties is to strategically counter UMNO’s cultural hegemony. Therefore, Hew Kuan Yau is striving to first manage internal fissures in the opposition alliance before dealing with external forces of UMNO.